Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the recognition of invading pathogens and the immune system. However, the effect of TLRs in asthma is still not fully known. This study was performed to better understand the role of TLR signatures in asthma. Blood samples from case–control studies (study 1: 348 asthmas and 39 normal controls and validation study 2: 411 asthmas and 87 normal controls) were enrolled. The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis method was performed to quantify the abundance of 21 TLR signatures. Gene ontology analysis and pathway function analysis were conducted for functional analysis, and a protein–protein interaction network was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) value was used to assess the diagnostic capacity. In this study, TLR2/TLR3/TLR4 pathway, MyD88-dependent/independent TLR pathway, positive regulation of TLR4 pathway, and TLR binding signatures were significantly higher in asthma. Functional analysis showed that biological processes and pathways were still involved in TLR cascades and TLR signaling pathway. Eleven hub TLR-related genes were identified, and further validation demonstrated that the combination of TLR-related genes was a good diagnostic biomarker for asthma (AUC = 0.8). Our study provided more insight into the underlying immune mechanism of how TLR signatures affected asthma. The use of the easy-to-apply TLR-related genes might represent a promising blood-based biomarker for early detection of asthma.

中文翻译：

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类似收费的受体特征与哮喘相关，可预测诊断。

Toll样受体（TLR）在识别入侵病原体和免疫系统中起关键作用。但是，TLRs在哮喘中的作用仍不完全清楚。进行这项研究是为了更好地了解TLR信号在哮喘中的作用。病例对照研究（研究1：348哮喘和39正常对照，验证研究2：411哮喘和87正常对照）的血液样本入选。进行了单样本基因集富集分析方法，以量化21个TLR签名的丰度。进行了基因本体分析和通路功能分析以进行功能分析，并构建了蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络。曲线下面积（AUC）值用于评估诊断能力。在这项研究中，TLR2 / TLR3 / TLR4途径，MyD88依赖性/非依赖性TLR途径，哮喘中TLR4途径的阳性调节和TLR结合特征明显升高。功能分析表明，生物学过程和途径仍参与TLR级联和TLR信号通路。鉴定了11个与TLR相关的中枢基因，进一步的验证表明，与TLR相关的基因组合是哮喘的良好诊断生物标志物（AUC = 0.8）。我们的研究提供了更多有关TLR信号如何影响哮喘的潜在免疫机制的见解。易于应用的TLR相关基因的使用可能代表了一种有前途的基于血液的生物标记物，可用于哮喘的早期检测。功能分析表明，生物学过程和途径仍参与TLR级联和TLR信号通路。鉴定了11个与TLR相关的中枢基因，进一步的验证表明，与TLR相关的基因组合是哮喘的良好诊断生物标志物（AUC = 0.8）。我们的研究为TLR信号如何影响哮喘的潜在免疫机制提供了更多见解。易于应用的TLR相关基因的使用可能代表了一种有前途的基于血液的生物标记物，可用于哮喘的早期检测。功能分析表明，生物学过程和途径仍参与TLR级联和TLR信号通路。鉴定了11个与TLR相关的中枢基因，进一步的验证表明，与TLR相关的基因组合是哮喘的良好诊断生物标志物（AUC = 0.8）。我们的研究为TLR信号如何影响哮喘的潜在免疫机制提供了更多见解。易于应用的TLR相关基因的使用可能代表了一种有前途的基于血液的生物标记物，可用于哮喘的早期检测。