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Comparative Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Anticoagulants in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The NAXOS Study.
Stroke ( IF 7.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 , DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.028825
Eric Van Ganse 1, 2, 3 , Nicolas Danchin 4 , Isabelle Mahé 5, 6 , Olivier Hanon 7, 8 , Flore Jacoud 1 , Maëva Nolin 1 , Faustine Dalon 1 , Cinira Lefevre 9 , François-Emery Cotté 9 , Sabrina Gollety 9 , Bruno Falissard 10 , Manon Belhassen 1 , Ph Gabriel Steg 11, 12, 13
Affiliation  

Background and Purpose:The effects of direct oral anticoagulants in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation should be assessed in actual conditions of use. France has near-universal healthcare coverage with a unified healthcare information system, allowing large population-based analyses. NAXOS (Evaluation of Apixaban in Stroke and Systemic Embolism Prevention in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation) aimed to compare the safety, effectiveness, and mortality of apixaban with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), rivaroxaban, and dabigatran, in oral anticoagulant-naive patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.Methods:This was an observational study using French National Health System claims data and including all adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who initiated oral anticoagulant between 2014 and 2016. Outcomes of interest were major bleeding events leading to hospitalization (safety), stroke and systemic thromboembolic events (effectiveness), and all-cause mortality. Four approaches were used for comparative analyses: matching on propensity score (PS; 1:n); as a sensitivity analysis, matching on high-dimensional PS; adjustment on PS; and adjustment on known confounders. For each outcome, cumulative incidence rates accounting for competing risks of death were estimated.Results:Overall, 321 501 patients were analyzed, of whom 35.0%, 27.2%, 31.1%, and 6.6% initiated VKAs, apixaban, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran, respectively. Apixaban was associated with a lower PS–matched risk of major bleeding compared with VKAs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.43 [95% CI, 0.40–0.46]) and rivaroxaban (HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.63–0.72]), but not dabigatran (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.81–1.08]). Apixaban was associated with a lower risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolic event compared with VKAs (HR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.56–0.65]), but not rivaroxaban (HR, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.97–1.15]) or dabigatran (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.78–1.11]). All-cause mortality was lower with apixaban than with VKAs, but not lower than with rivaroxaban or dabigatran.Conclusions:Apixaban was associated with superior safety, effectiveness, and lower mortality than VKAs; with superior safety than rivaroxaban and similar safety to dabigatran; and with similar effectiveness when compared with rivaroxaban or dabigatran. These observational data suggest potentially important differences in outcomes between direct oral anticoagulants, which should be explored in randomized trials.

中文翻译:

非瓣膜性心房颤动中口服抗凝剂的比较安全性和有效性:NAXOS研究。

背景与目的:应在实际使用条件下评估直接口服抗凝剂在非瓣膜性房颤中的作用。法国拥有统一的医疗保健信息系统,几乎可以覆盖整个医疗保健领域,可以进行大量基于人口的分析。NAXOS(阿哌沙班在非瓣膜性房颤患者中风和全身性栓塞预防中的评估)旨在比较阿哌沙班与维生素K拮抗剂(VKA),利伐沙班和达比加群在口服抗凝治疗的初治患者中的安全性,有效性和死亡率。方法:这是一项使用法国国家卫生系统索赔数据的观察性研究,其中包括2014年至2016年之间开始口服抗凝剂的所有非瓣膜性房颤成人。感兴趣的结果是导致住院的大出血事件(安全性),中风和全身性血栓栓塞事件(有效性)以及全因死亡率。四种方法用于比较分析:倾向得分匹配(PS; 1:n); 作为敏感性分析,与高维PS匹配;调整PS;并调整已知的混杂因素。结果:总共分析了321 501例患者,其中35.0%,27.2%,31.1%和6.6%发起了VKA,阿哌沙班,利伐沙班和达比加群,分别。与VKA(危险比[HR],0.43 [95%CI,0.40–0.46])和利伐沙班(HR,0.67 [95%CI,0.63-0.72])相比,阿哌沙班与PS匹配的大出血风险较低。 ,而不是达比加群(HR,0.93 [95%CI,0。81–1.08])。与VKAs(HR,0.60 [95%CI,0.56-0.65])相比,阿哌沙班与中风和全身性血栓栓塞事件的风险较低,但与利伐沙班(HR,1.05 [95%CI,0.97-1.15])或达比加群无关(HR,0.93 [95%CI,0.78-1.11])。阿哌沙班的全因死亡率低于VKA,但不低于利伐沙班或达比加群。结论:阿哌沙班与VKA相比具有更高的安全性,有效性和更低的死亡率;具有比利伐沙班更高的安全性和与达比加群相似的安全性;与利伐沙班或达比加群相比具有相似的疗效。这些观察数据表明,直接口服抗凝药之间可能存在重要的结局差异,应在随机试验中进行探讨。与VKAs(HR,0.60 [95%CI,0.56-0.65])相比,阿哌沙班与中风和全身性血栓栓塞事件的风险较低,但与利伐沙班(HR,1.05 [95%CI,0.97-1.15])或达比加群无关(HR,0.93 [95%CI,0.78-1.11])。阿哌沙班的全因死亡率低于VKA,但不低于利伐沙班或达比加群。结论:阿哌沙班与VKA相比具有更高的安全性,有效性和更低的死亡率;具有比利伐沙班更高的安全性和与达比加群相似的安全性;与利伐沙班或达比加群相比具有相似的疗效。这些观察数据表明,直接口服抗凝药之间可能存在重要的结局差异,应在随机试验中进行探讨。与VKAs(HR,0.60 [95%CI,0.56-0.65])相比,阿哌沙班与中风和全身性血栓栓塞事件的风险较低,但与利伐沙班(HR,1.05 [95%CI,0.97-1.15])或达比加群无关(HR,0.93 [95%CI,0.78-1.11])。阿哌沙班的全因死亡率低于VKA,但不低于利伐沙班或达比加群。结论:阿哌沙班与VKA相比具有更高的安全性,有效性和更低的死亡率;具有比利伐沙班更高的安全性和与达比加群相似的安全性;与利伐沙班或达比加群相比具有相似的疗效。这些观察数据表明,直接口服抗凝药之间可能存在重要的结局差异,应在随机试验中进行探讨。15])或达比加群(HR,0.93 [95%CI,0.78–1.11])。阿哌沙班的全因死亡率低于VKA,但不低于利伐沙班或达比加群。结论:阿哌沙班与VKA相比具有更高的安全性,有效性和更低的死亡率;具有比利伐沙班更高的安全性和与达比加群相似的安全性;与利伐沙班或达比加群相比具有相似的疗效。这些观察数据表明,直接口服抗凝药之间可能存在重要的预后差异,应在随机试验中进行探讨。15])或达比加群(HR,0.93 [95%CI,0.78-1.11])。阿哌沙班的全因死亡率低于VKA,但不低于利伐沙班或达比加群。结论:阿哌沙班与VKA相比具有更高的安全性,有效性和更低的死亡率;具有比利伐沙班更高的安全性和与达比加群相似的安全性;与利伐沙班或达比加群相比具有相似的疗效。这些观察数据表明,直接口服抗凝药之间可能存在重要的预后差异,应在随机试验中进行探讨。具有比利伐沙班更高的安全性和与达比加群相似的安全性;与利伐沙班或达比加群相比具有相似的疗效。这些观察数据表明,直接口服抗凝药之间可能存在重要的预后差异,应在随机试验中进行探讨。具有比利伐沙班更高的安全性和与达比加群相似的安全性;与利伐沙班或达比加群相比具有相似的疗效。这些观察数据表明,直接口服抗凝药之间可能存在重要的结局差异,应在随机试验中进行探讨。
更新日期:2020-06-23
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