Microbiomes are influenced both by host evolutionary history and ecological context. Phylosymbiosis has been proposed as a framework to understand how evolutionary relationships among hosts predict the structure of the gut microbiome [1]. In this scenario, a hierarchical tree of similarities among host-associated microbiomes would mirror a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary relationships among hosts (Fig. 1). Phylosymbiosis can arise through coevolution and also through environmental, dietary or physiological similarities that correspond with shared evolutionary history.

中文翻译：

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系统共生、饮食和肠道微生物相关的代谢疾病


微生物组受到宿主进化历史和生态环境的影响。系统共生被提出作为一个框架来理解宿主之间的进化关系如何预测肠道微生物组的结构[1]。在这种情况下，宿主相关微生物组之间相似性的分层树将反映宿主之间进化关系的系统发育树（图1）。系统共生可以通过共同进化产生，也可以通过与共同进化历史相对应的环境、饮食或生理相似性产生。