Microbiomes are influenced both by host evolutionary history and ecological context. Phylosymbiosis has been proposed as a framework to understand how evolutionary relationships among hosts predict the structure of the gut microbiome [1]. In this scenario, a hierarchical tree of similarities among host-associated microbiomes would mirror a phylogenetic tree of evolutionary relationships among hosts (Fig. 1). Phylosymbiosis can arise through coevolution and also through environmental, dietary or physiological similarities that correspond with shared evolutionary history.

中文翻译：

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细菌共生，饮食和肠道微生物组相关的代谢性疾病

微生物群受宿主进化历史和生态环境的影响。提出了共生菌体作为框架，以了解宿主之间的进化关系如何预测肠道微生物组的结构[1]。在这种情况下，与宿主相关的微生物群之间相似性的分层树将反映宿主之间进化关系的系统树（图。1）。细菌共生可以通过共同进化以及与共享的进化史相对应的环境，饮食或生理相似性来产生。