Transient beam loading effects and microwave instability are very important in ion synchrotrons. A simulation code longitudinal particle tracking code (LPTC) based on multiparticle tracking is developed to simulate the beam loading effects and the longitudinal beam instabilities in the booster ring (BRing) of the High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). A process of beam capture, acceleration, debunching, and the second capture is simulated with a reference ion beam of ${{}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}}^{19+}$. The simulation results show that the beam loading effects have major contribution to the beam behavior during the debunching stage and the second capture stage. A feed-forward system is suggested to compensate the beam loading effects, and the main parameters of the feed-forward system are given. The microwave instability of coasting ${{}^{78}\mathrm{Kr}}^{19+}$ beams is observed from the simulation results. The threshold of the microwave instability is also given. The development of self-bunching and methods to suppress the microwave instability in the BRing are discussed.

中文翻译：

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高强度重离子加速器设施的升压环中的束负载效应和微波不稳定性

在离子同步加速器中，瞬态束负载效应和微波不稳定性非常重要。开发了基于多粒子跟踪的模拟代码纵向粒子跟踪代码（LPTC），以模拟高强度重离子加速器设施（HIAF）的助推环（BRing）中的束载荷效应和纵向束不稳定性。离子束捕获，加速，去束和第二次捕获的过程用${{}^{78}r}^{19+}$。仿真结果表明，在去束阶段和第二捕获阶段，束载荷效应对束的行为有重要贡献。建议采用前馈系统来补偿光束载荷效应，并给出前馈系统的主要参数。滑行的微波不稳定性${{}^{78}r}^{19+}$从模拟结果观察到光束。还给出了微波不稳定性的阈值。讨论了自聚集的发展以及抑制BRing中微波不稳定性的方法。