Perovskite solar cells are poised to be a game changer in photovoltaic technology with a current certified efficiency of 25.2%, already surpassing that for multicrystalline silicon solar cells. On the path to higher efficiencies and much needed higher stability, however, interfacial and bulk defects in the active material should be carefully engineered or passivated. Post-treatment techniques show great potential to address defect issues (e.g., by coarsening the perovskite grains or establishing an interfacial heterogeneous layer). In this article, we summarize current fundamental understanding of the major energy-loss routes in perovskite materials and devices, including bulk/interfacial defects mediated nonradiative recombination and band mismatch-induced recombination. This is followed by a survey of the important post-treatment techniques developed over the past few years to minimize energy loss in perovskite solar cells, including solvent annealing, amine halide solution dripping-induced Ostwald ripening, three-dimensional–two-dimensional interface layer from phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) dripping, and wide bandgap interface layer engineering from n-hexyl trimethylammonium bromide washing. Finally, we provide a prospective view about further developments of post-treatment techniques.

钙钛矿太阳能电池有望成为光伏技术的颠覆者，目前认证的效率为25.2％，已经超过了多晶硅太阳能电池的效率。在提高效率和急需更高稳定性的道路上，应仔细设计或钝化活性材料中的界面缺陷和体积缺陷。后处理技术显示出解决缺陷问题的巨大潜力（例如，通过使钙钛矿晶粒粗化或建立界面异质层）。在本文中，我们总结了钙钛矿材料和设备中主要能量损失途径的当前基本理解，包括介导的非辐射重组和能带错配引起的重组的体/界面缺陷。正己基三甲基溴化铵洗涤。最后，我们提供了有关后处理技术进一步发展的前瞻性观点。