ABSTRACT

Previous research has firmly established that some individuals experience shame more frequently than others. This study employed a cross-sectional design to explore factors that are related to the experience of shame. In this study, 240 participants completed self-reported assessments of parental care and expectations, maternal attitudes toward negative emotions, peer acceptance during childhood, attachment styles, and shame management. In particular, submissive shame management strategies (self-attack and withdrawal) and negative parental experiences were correlated with frequent experience of shame. In addition, a model was developed to depict the relationship between childhood experiences, attachment styles, shame, and shame management. The results suggest that negative parental experiences are contributory factors to the experience of shame, through attachment styles. The model illustrated how shame might be developed and how it might be managed.

摘要

先前的研究已经确定，有些人比其他人更频繁地体验到羞耻感。本研究采用横断面设计来探索与羞耻体验相关的因素。在这项研究中，240 名参与者完成了对父母照顾和期望、母亲对负面情绪的态度、童年时期的同伴接受度、依恋风格和羞耻感的自我报告评估。特别是，顺从的羞耻管理策略（自我攻击和退缩）和消极的父母经历与频繁的羞耻经历相关。此外，还开发了一个模型来描述童年经历、依恋风格、羞耻感和羞耻感管理之间的关系。结果表明，消极的父母经历是羞耻经历的促成因素，通过附件样式。该模型说明了羞耻感是如何产生以及如何管理的。