Abstract Introduction Bovine tuberculosis, caused by M. bovis, is endemic in Mexico and has had a big impact on public health. Jalisco is considered to be an important dairy region in the country, accounting for approximately 19% of the total milk production. Within Jalisco, the region of Altos Sur holds the largest proportion of the cattle inventory of the state. Material and Methods To determine the frequency of bovine tuberculosis in Altos Sur, Jalisco, as well as M. bovis genetic diversity, sampling of tissue (lymph nodes, lungs, and liver) from Holstein cattle was performed in four abattoirs belonging to three municipalities of this region (Tepatitlán de Morelos, San Miguel el Alto, and Arandas). Spoligotyping and whole-genome sequencing were carried out to assess the genetic relationships of M. bovis strains circulating in this area, as well as a comparison to isolates from other places in Mexico. Results Prevalence was 15.06%, and distribution similar among the three municipalities. The most frequent spoligotypes were SB0673, SB121, and SB0145. Whole-genome sequencing revealed three main clades (I, II, III), but isolates did not show clustering by region. Conclusion Phylogenetic analysis suggested ongoing transmission between herds of the different regions, and no unique source of infection was determined. This hinders efforts under the national program for the control and eradication of the disease, so serious attention must be paid to rural regions such as Altos Sur in order to improve its success.

中文翻译：

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通过全基因组测序分析墨西哥哈利斯科州的牛结核病传播

摘要 简介 由牛分枝杆菌引起的牛结核病是墨西哥的地方病，对公众健康产生了重大影响。哈利斯科被认为是该国重要的乳制品产区，约占牛奶总产量的 19%。在哈利斯科州，Altos Sur 地区拥有该州最大比例的牛群。材料和方法 为确定哈利斯科州 Altos Sur 的牛结核病发生率以及牛分枝杆菌的遗传多样性，在属于三个城市的四个屠宰场对荷斯坦牛的组织（淋巴结、肺和肝脏）进行了取样。该地区（Tepatitlán de Morelos、San Miguel el Alto 和 Arandas）。进行了 Spoligotyping 和全基因组测序以评估该地区流行的牛分枝杆菌菌株的遗传关系，以及与墨西哥其他地方的隔离物的比较。结果患病率为15.06%，三市分布相似。最常见的 spoligotype 是 SB0673、SB121 和 SB0145。全基因组测序揭示了三个主要进化枝（I、II、III），但分离株没有显示出区域聚类。结论 系统发育分析表明，不同地区的畜群之间存在持续传播，没有确定唯一的感染源。这阻碍了控制和根除该疾病的国家计划的努力，因此必须认真关注 Altos Sur 等农村地区，以提高其成功率。最常见的 spoligotype 是 SB0673、SB121 和 SB0145。全基因组测序揭示了三个主要进化枝（I、II、III），但分离株没有显示出区域聚类。结论 系统发育分析表明，不同地区的畜群之间存在持续传播，没有确定唯一的感染源。这阻碍了控制和根除该疾病的国家计划的努力，因此必须认真关注 Altos Sur 等农村地区，以提高其成功率。最常见的 spoligotype 是 SB0673、SB121 和 SB0145。全基因组测序揭示了三个主要进化枝（I、II、III），但分离株没有显示出区域聚类。结论 系统发育分析表明，不同地区的畜群之间存在持续传播，没有确定唯一的感染源。这阻碍了控制和根除该疾病的国家计划的努力，因此必须认真关注 Altos Sur 等农村地区，以提高其成功率。