Aging involves decline in a range of functional abilities and phenotypes, many of which are also associated with socioeconomic status (SES). Here we assessed whether lower SES is a determinant of the rate of decline over 8 y in six domains—physical capability, sensory function, physiological function, cognitive performance, emotional well-being, and social function—in a sample of 5,018 men and women aged 64.44 (SD 8.49) y on average at baseline. Wealth was used as the marker of SES, and all analyses controlled for age, gender, ethnicity, educational attainment, and long-term health conditions. Lower SES was associated with greater adverse changes in physical capability (grip strength, gait speed, and physical activity), sensory function (sight impairment), physiological function (plasma fibrinogen concentration and lung function), cognitive performance (memory, executive function, and processing speed), emotional well-being (enjoyment of life and depressive symptoms), and social function (organizational membership, number of close friends, volunteering, and cultural engagement). Effects were maintained when controlling statistically for other factors such as smoking, marital/partnership status, and self-rated health and were also present when analyses were limited to participants aged ≤75 y. We conclude that lower SES is related to accelerated aging across a broad range of functional abilities and phenotypes independently of the presence of health conditions and that social circumstances impinge on multiple aspects of aging.

衰老涉及一系列功能能力和表型的下降，其中许多功能和表型也与社会经济地位（SES）相关。在这里，我们以5018名男性和女性为样本，评估了较低的SES是否决定了六个领域（身体能力，感觉功能，生理功能，认知功能，情绪幸福感和社会功能）中8年以上的下降率。基线时平均年龄为64.44岁（SD 8.49）。财富被用作SES的标志物，所有分析均受年龄，性别，种族，教育程度和长期健康状况的影响。较低的SES与身体能力（握力，步态速度和身体活动），感觉功能（视力障碍），生理功能（血浆纤维蛋白原浓度和肺功能）的不利变化较大相关，认知表现（记忆，执行功能和处理速度），情绪健康（享受生活和抑郁症状）和社交功能（组织成员，密友数量，志愿服务和文化参与）。在统计学上控制其他因素（例如吸烟，婚姻/伴侣状态和自我评估的健康）时，效果得以维持；当分析仅限于年龄≤75岁的参与者时，也有效果。我们得出的结论是，较低的SES与广泛的功能能力和表型的加速衰老有关，而与健康状况的存在无关，并且社会环境会影响衰老的多个方面。和社交功能（组织成员，密友数量，志愿服务和文化参与）。在统计学上控制其他因素（例如吸烟，婚姻/伴侣状态和自我评估的健康）时，效果得以维持；当分析仅限于年龄≤75岁的参与者时，也有效果。我们得出的结论是，较低的SES与广泛的功能能力和表型的加速衰老有关，而与健康状况的存在无关，并且社会环境会影响衰老的多个方面。和社交功能（组织成员，密友数量，志愿服务和文化参与）。在统计学上控制其他因素（例如吸烟，婚姻/伴侣状态和自我评估的健康）时，效果得以维持；当分析仅限于年龄≤75岁的参与者时，也有效果。我们得出的结论是，较低的SES与广泛的功能能力和表型的加速衰老有关，而与健康状况的存在无关，并且社会环境会影响衰老的多个方面。和自我评估的健康状况，当分析仅限于年龄≤75岁的参与者时也存在。我们得出的结论是，较低的SES与广泛的功能能力和表型的加速衰老有关，而与健康状况的存在无关，并且社会环境会影响衰老的多个方面。和自我评估的健康状况，当分析仅限于年龄≤75岁的参与者时也存在。我们得出的结论是，较低的SES与广泛的功能能力和表型的加速衰老有关，而与健康状况的存在无关，并且社会环境会影响衰老的多个方面。