Flush early and avoid the rush? It may depend on where you stand,Ethology

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Flush early and avoid the rush? It may depend on where you stand
Ethology ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 , DOI: 10.1111/eth.13073
Xing‐Min Chen ₁ , Wan‐Ting Xie ₁ , Ling‐Ying Shuai ₁

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Optimal escape theory predicts that animals should flee at an optimal distance from the approaching predator (flight initiation distance, FID). However, FID usually increases with increasing alert distance (AD) or starting distance (SD). As an explanation for this pattern, the “flush early and avoid the rush” (FEAR) hypothesis states that prey should escape soon after detecting an approaching predator due to the cost of continuously monitoring risk. However, the positive relationship observed may also result from a mathematical artefact. Meanwhile, it is unknown whether animals would consistently follow this rule in different environmental contexts. We explored escape behaviours in light‐vented bulbuls (Pycnonotus sinensis) perched at different heights. FID generally increased with increasing AD and decreasing perch height. The positive relationships between AD and FID were outside the 95% confidence levels of simulated slopes from Monte Carlo simulations, suggesting that the relationships observed reflect biological effects rather than merely a mathematical artefact. Increasing perch height was also associated with longer buffer distance (defined as FID minus AD or SD), suggesting that the birds tend to delay their flush after detecting an approaching predator when perched high. The effects of environmental contexts (and the associated predation risk) on the AD‐FID relationship should be considered when performing inter‐specific comparisons or meta‐analyses.

中文翻译：

提早冲洗并避免匆忙？这可能取决于您的立场

最佳逃逸理论预测，动物应与接近的捕食者以最佳距离逃跑（飞行起始距离，FID）。但是，FID通常随警报距离（AD）或起始距离（SD）的增加而增加。作为对此模式的一种解释，“尽早冲水并避免急流”（FEAR）假设指出，由于不断监控风险的代价，猎物在检测到接近的掠食者后应尽快逃脱。但是，观察到的正相关关系也可能是由于数学伪像造成的。同时，尚不清楚动物是否会在不同的环境中始终遵循这一规则。我们探索了在通气小夜蛾（Pycnonotus sinensis）中的逃避行为）栖息在不同的高度。FID通常随着AD的增加和鲈鱼高度的降低而增加。AD和FID之间的正关系不在蒙特卡洛模拟的模拟坡度的95％置信度范围内，这表明所观察到的关系反映了生物效应，而不仅仅是数学假象。更高的鲈鱼高度还与更长的缓冲距离（定义为FID减去AD或SD）相关联，这表明鸟类在栖息在高处时发现了接近的捕食者，往往会延迟冲水。在进行种间比较或荟萃分析时，应考虑环境背景（及相关的捕食风险）对AD-FID关系的影响。

更新日期：2020-06-15

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