Common carp (Cyprinus carpio, [Linnaeus, 1758]) have long been established in the United States and in some cases their populations can be very dense, leading biologists to expend significant effort towards reducing numbers of common carp in some populations. Estimating abundance of common carp prior to removal efforts would be useful in evaluating success of these removal efforts, but marking large numbers of fish can be expensive. Therefore, a low‐cost tagging option is needed. In this study, we used tank and field experiments to determine the retention and longevity of hole‐punch marks in the opercula of common carp. For the tank experiment, fish were double marked with a size‐3 self‐piercing tag and an operculum hole‐punch mark (using a paper hole‐punch tool with a hole diameter of 6.4 mm) on opposite sides of the fish. Over the entirety of the 180–day tank experiment, retention of the self‐piercing tags and hole‐punch marks was 100% and no marking mortality was observed. For the field experiment, 883 common carp were tagged at random in two groups, a double‐marked group (n = 416, both self‐piercing tags and hole‐punch) and a single‐mark group (n = 467, self‐piercing tag). Fish were sampled monthly for 398 days. Because the length distribution sampled was bimodal, we evaluated tag retention of fish <330 mm TL (small fish, n = 273) and > 331 mm TL (large fish, n = 143), separately. Hole‐punch mark retention was high for both size classes throughout most of the field experiment. For large fish, retention of hole‐punch marks was 100% for the entire 398‐day experiment. For small fish, retention of hole‐punch marks was 100% through 184‐day and remained above 93% through 328‐days, but declined to 0% by day 398. Our results suggest that the operculum hole‐punch mark is a valuable low‐cost, long‐term technique for tagging common carp.

中文翻译：

---

鲤鱼鲤鱼低成本标记技术的标记保留和鱼类存活率（Linnaeus，1758年）

鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio，[Linnaeus，1758]）在美国已经建立了很长一段时间，在某些情况下，它们的种群可能非常密集，导致生物学家们为减少某些种群的鲤鱼数量付出了巨大的努力。在去除努力之前估算鲤鱼的丰度将有助于评估这些去除努力的成功性，但是标记大量鱼类可能很昂贵。因此，需要一种低成本的标记选项。在这项研究中，我们使用储罐和野外实验来确定鲤鱼盖眼中打孔标记的保留和寿命。在水箱实验中，在鱼的相对两侧用大​​小为3的自穿孔标签和an孔打孔标记（使用孔径为6.4 mm的纸孔打孔工具）双重标记鱼。在整个180天的储罐实验中，自冲标签和打孔标记的保留率为100％，未观察到标记死亡率。在野外实验中，将883个鲤鱼随机分为两组，即双标记组（n  = 416，包括自穿孔标签和打孔）和单个标记组（n  = 467，自穿孔标签）。每月对鱼类取样398天。由于采样的长度分布是双峰的，因此我们评估了<330 mm TL（小鱼，n  = 273）和> 331 mm TL（大鱼，n = 143）。在大多数现场实验中，两种尺寸等级的打孔标记保留率都很高。对于大型鱼，在整个398天的实验中，打孔痕迹的保留率为100％。对于小鱼，在184天之前打孔标记的保留率为100％，在328天之前保持在93％以上，但是到398天下降到0％。我们的结果表明，孔打孔标记是很有价值的低点标记鲤鱼的成本高，长期技术。