Influenza is one of the best examples of highly mutable viruses that are able to escape immune surveillance. Indeed, in response to influenza seasonal infection or vaccination, the majority of the induced antibodies are strain‐specific. Current vaccine against the seasonal strains with the strategy of surveillance‐prediction‐vaccine does not cover an unmet virus strain leading to pandemic. Recently, antibodies targeting conserved epitopes on the hemagglutinin (HA) protein have been identified, albeit rarely, and they often showed broad protection. These antibody discoveries have brought the feasibility to develop a universal vaccine. Most of these antibodies bind the HA stem domain and accumulate in the memory B cell compartment. Broadly reactive stem‐biased memory responses were induced by infection with antigenically divergent influenza strains and were able to eradicate these viruses, together indicating the importance of generating memory B cells expressing high‐quality anti‐stem antibodies. Here, we emphasize recent progress in our understanding of how such memory B cells can be generated and discuss how these advances may be relevant to the quest for a universal influenza vaccine.

中文翻译：

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针对血凝素干区的流感疫苗接种策略。

流感是能够逃避免疫监视的高度可变病毒的最佳例子之一。事实上，为了应对流感季节性感染或疫苗接种，大多数诱导的抗体都是菌株特异性的。目前采用监测-预测-疫苗策略的季节性毒株疫苗不涵盖导致大流行的未满足病毒株。最近，已经鉴定出针对血凝素 (HA) 蛋白上保守表位的抗体，尽管很少见，而且它们通常显示出广泛的保护作用。这些抗体的发现为开发通用疫苗带来了可行性。这些抗体中的大多数结合 HA 干结构域并在记忆 B 细胞区室中积累。广泛反应的干偏向记忆反应是由抗原性不同的流感病毒株感染引起的，并且能够根除这些病毒，这表明产生表达高质量抗干抗体的记忆 B 细胞的重要性。在这里，我们强调了我们对如何产生这种记忆 B 细胞的理解方面的最新进展，并讨论了这些进展如何与寻求通用流感疫苗相关。