In order to reveal the hydrodynamic characteristics of the karst aquifer system, the water temperature dynamic data of a hydrological year in the direct recharge area of Jinan spring area were analyzed using the temperature tracer method, and the runoff intensity of karst water was estimated. The results revealed that, affected by the regional groundwater flow, the vertical temperature profile of the study area consists of four types, a gradual cooling type, a gradual heating type, a temperature‐increasing type, and “S” type. Based on these four geothermal types, three heat transfer models adapted to the region were developed. The inflection point method is used to discriminate the horizontal runoff channels of the three depth segments in the Ordovician strata in the recharge area, and the shallow groundwater horizontal runoff intensity is greater than the deep. According to the calculation of the thermal transport model, the Ordovician limestone in the direct recharge area of the spring area is shallow (at a depth of 100 m), and the vertical flow velocity of the groundwater is around 1.28 × 10⁻⁷–3 × 10⁻⁶ cm/s, and the flow rate is slow. Based on the field tracer test, the visual flow of the karst water system was found to range between 29.41 and 115.02 m/day, indicating that the karst water is dominated by horizontal motion. Since the method of temperature measurement in the hole is relatively simple, the temperature change signal could be used to reveal the seepage characteristics of the groundwater.

中文翻译：

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基于温度示踪技术的岩溶水系统渗流特征

为了揭示岩溶含水层系统的水动力特性，利用温度示踪法对济南泉水直接补给区水文年份的水温动态数据进行了分析，并估算了岩溶水的径流强度。结果表明，受区域地下水流量的影响，研究区的垂直温度剖面包括四种类型，即逐渐冷却型，逐步加热型，温度升高型和“ S”型。基于这四种地热类型，开发了适用于该地区的三种传热模型。拐点法用于判别补给区奥陶系地层三个深度段的水平径流通道，浅层地下水水平径流强度大于深层。根据传热模型计算，泉水直接补给区的奥陶系灰岩较浅（深度为100 m），地下水的垂直流速约为1.28×10^-7 –3×10 ^-6  cm / s，流速慢。根据现场示踪剂测试，发现岩溶水系统的可视流量范围为29.41到115.02 m / day，这表明岩溶水主要受水平运动的影响。由于孔内的温度测量方法相对简单，因此温度变化信号可用于揭示地下水的渗流特征。