With the rapid development of internet, new technologies and new domains of activities are increasingly created with an exponential pace. Therefore, network operators and service providers experience an astonishing demand in terms of network services' performance. Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), which have evolved to Internet of Vehicles (IoV), are one of these new technologies with high demand in connectivity. This is due to their two critical characteristics (their high mobility and their frequent dynamic topology changes), since they generate scattered networks. Therefore, a high network's performance has become a critical issue for connected and autonomous vehicles deployment. This is due to the fact that VANETs need a high coverage density in order to work efficiently. In order to address this issue, the Heterogeneous Vehicular Networks (HVN) paradigm has appeared. It consists in a hybridization of the vehicular network (IEEE 802.11p) and the cellular networks (3G/LTE/4G). This makes the vertical handover to be one of the key technologies for the IoV deployment. In this paper, we propose a vertical handover mechanism, denoted Proxy MIPv6-based Mobile Internal Vertical Handover (PMIP-MIVH), which uses a logical interface and a Distributed PMIPv6 scheme in order to improve the handover performance and consequently the overall network's performance. Numerical model analysis show that our proposed solution (PMIP-MIVH) performs well in terms of handover connection durations, handover latency and session continuity. Finally, we have evaluated our solution using the well known network simulator NS3. We conducted performance comparison with existing PMIP-based solutions in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-to-end delay, jitter and throughput metrics. Simulation results also show that our solution outperforms the considered existing solutions and therefore validate the analytical results.

随着互联网的飞速发展，新技术和新活动领域正以指数级的步伐不断发展。因此，网络运营商和服务提供商在网络服务性能方面遇到了惊人的需求。车载自组织网络（VANET）已经发展成为车联网（IoV），是对连接性有很高要求的这些新技术之一。这是由于它们的两个关键特性（它们的高移动性和频繁的动态拓扑变化），因为它们生成分散的网络。因此，高网络性能已成为互联和自动驾驶车辆部署的关键问题。这是由于VANET需要高覆盖密度才能有效工作这一事实。为了解决这个问题，异构车辆网络（HVN）范式已经出现。它包括车载网络（IEEE 802.11p）和蜂窝网络（3G / LTE / 4G）的混合。这使得垂直切换成为IoV部署的关键技术之一。在本文中，我们提出了一种垂直切换机制，称为基于代理MIPv6的移动内部垂直切换（PMIP-MIVH），该机制使用逻辑接口和分布式PMIPv6方案以提高切换性能，从而改善整个网络的性能。数值模型分析表明，我们提出的解决方案（PMIP-MIVH）在切换连接持续时间，切换等待时间和会话连续性方面表现良好。最后，我们使用著名的网络模拟器NS3评估了我们的解决方案。我们与现有的基于PMIP的解决方案进行了性能比较，包括数据包传输率（PDR），端到端延迟，抖动和吞吐量指标。仿真结果还表明，我们的解决方案优于已考虑的现有解决方案，因此可以验证分析结果。