Both inflammatory and mechanical effects have been proposed to explain the increased risk of asthma and reduced lung function observed in obese children and adults. The evidence regarding the potential role of obesity in the aetiology of atopy and allergy is more conflicting. The adipokines leptin and adiponectin are inflammatory markers of fat metabolism which may be involved in explaining the increased risk of asthma and reduced lung function in obese children and adults. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to study how adiponectin and leptin were associated with lung function and atopic sensitisation in adolescents.

The study included 384 children at mean age 12.9 years with measurements of adiponectin, leptin, lung function and atopic sensitisation. Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured in serum, lung function was measured by spirometry and atopic sensitisation was measured by serum specific Immunoglobulin E.

In linear regression models, leptin was negatively associated with forced vital capacity (FVC) (Beta: −4.13; 95% Confidence Interval: −5.83, −2.44, P < 0.001) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁) (−3.74; −5.39, −2.09, P < 0.001) after adjusting for body mass index (BMI) and other covariates. No associations were observed between adiponectin and lung function or between leptin or adiponectin and atopic sensitisation.

In this cross-sectional analysis of adolescents in all weight classes, leptin was negatively associated with FEV₁ and FVC independent of BMI, but no associations were found between adiponectin and lung function. The results suggest that leptin may have a functional role in the airways of healthy children.

已经提出了炎症和机械作用来解释在肥胖儿童和成人中观察到的哮喘风险增加和肺功能下降。关于肥胖在特应性和过敏的病因学中的潜在作用的证据更加矛盾。脂联素瘦素和脂联素是脂肪代谢的炎性标志物，可能与肥胖儿童和成人中哮喘风险增加和肺功能下降有关。在这项横断面研究中，我们旨在研究脂联素和瘦素如何与青少年肺功能和特应性过敏相关。

该研究包括384名平均年龄为12.9岁的儿童，他们测量了脂联素，瘦素，肺功能和特应性致敏性。测定血清中的脂联素和瘦素水平，通过肺活量测定法测定肺功能，并通过血清特异性免疫球蛋白E测定特应性致敏作用。

在线性回归模型中，瘦素与强迫肺活量（FVC）呈负相关（β：−4.13； 95％置信区间：−5.83，−2.44，P <0.001），并且在第一秒内强迫呼气量（FEV ₁）（ -3.74; -5.39，-2.09，P <0.001）在调整了体重指数（BMI）和其他协变量之后。脂联素与肺功能之间或瘦素或脂联素与特应性致敏之间未发现关联。

在所有体重类别的青少年横断面分析中，瘦素与FEV ₁和FVC呈负相关，而与BMI无关，但脂联素与肺功能之间未发现关联。结果表明瘦素可能在健康儿童的气道中具有功能性作用。