Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top ten leading causes of death worldwide. The causative agent of TB is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Acute tuberculous pneumonia (TP) is an acute form of pulmonary TB. However, acute TP and non-tuberculous community-acquired pneumonia can be easily confused, resulting in deterioration of TP due to delayed treatment. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute TP is crucial in order to stop the transmission of TB. Moreover, development of new diagnostic tools (technologies and approaches), and flexible application of different therapy schemes will help to reduce the incidence of TP and promote the goal of ending the TB epidemic.

结核病（TB）是全球十大主要死因之一。结核病的致病因素是结核分枝杆菌。急性结核性肺炎（TP）是肺结核的一种急性形式。但是，急性TP和非结核性社区获得性肺炎很容易混淆，由于治疗延迟而导致TP恶化。因此，快速准确地诊断急性TP对于停止结核病的传播至关重要。此外，开发新的诊断工具（技术和方法）以及灵活使用不同的治疗方案将有助于减少TP的发生率并促进结束TB流行的目标。