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Deep CO2 emitted at Furnas do Enxofre geothermal area (Terceira Island, Azores archipelago). An approach for determining CO2 sources and total emissions using carbon isotopic data
Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.106968
Fátima Viveiros , Giovanni Chiodini , Carlo Cardellini , Stefano Caliro , Vittorio Zanon , Catarina Silva , Andrea Luca Rizzo , Ana Hipólito , Lucia Moreno

Abstract Quantification of the CO2 released by the volcanoes to the atmosphere is relevant for the evaluation of the balance between deep-derived, biogenic and anthropogenic contributions. The current study estimates the CO2 released from Furnas do Enxofre degassing area (Terceira Island, Azores archipelago) by applying an approach that integrates the flux of CO2 from the soil with the δ13C-CO2 values. A deep-derived CO2 output of 2.54 t d−1 is estimated for an area of ~23,715 m2. High biogenic-derived CO2 flux values (~45 g m−2 d−1) associated with light carbon isotopic content (δ13C = −28‰ ± 1.1‰) are detected and explained by the type of vegetation that characterizes the study site. Carbon isotopic compositions of the CO2 (−6.4‰ ± 1.2‰) measured in olivine-hosted fluid inclusions of the Terceira basalts are presented for the first time and contribute to defining the mantle-CO2 signature. Differences between these values and heavier carbon isotope values from gas in fumaroles at Furnas do Enxofre (−4.66‰ to −4.27‰) are explained by the carbon isotopic fractionation occurring when CO2 reacts to form calcite in the geothermal reservoir at temperatures >180 °C. A clear correlation between the soil temperature and deep CO2 fluxes is observed and the integration of the diffuse degassing information with the composition of the fumarolic emissions allows estimating a thermal energy flux of 1.1 MW.

中文翻译:

Furnas do Enxofre 地热区(亚速尔群岛的特塞拉岛)排放的深层二氧化碳。一种使用碳同位素数据确定 CO2 来源和总排放量的方法

摘要 火山释放到大气中的 CO2 的量化与评估深部、生物和人为贡献之间的平衡有关。当前的研究通过应用一种将来自土壤的 CO2 通量与 δ13C-CO2 值相结合的方法来估计 Furnas do Enxofre 脱气区(Terceira 岛,亚速尔群岛)释放的 CO2。估计约 23,715 平方米的区域产生 2.54 td-1 的深层 CO2 输出。与轻碳同位素含量 (δ13C = -28‰ ± 1.1‰) 相关的高生物源 CO2 通量值 (~45 g m−2 d−1) 被检测到并通过表征研究地点的植被类型进行解释。CO2 的碳同位素组成 (-6.4‰ ± 1. 2‰) 在 Terceira 玄武岩的橄榄石包裹体流体包裹体中测量得到首次呈现,并有助于定义地幔-CO2 特征。这些值与来自 Furnas do Enxofre 的喷气孔中气体的较重碳同位素值之间的差异(-4.66‰ 至 -4.27‰)可以通过当 CO2 在温度 >180 °C 的地热储层中反应形成方解石时发生的碳同位素分馏来解释. 观察到土壤温度和深层 CO2 通量之间存在明显的相关性,并且将扩散脱气信息与烟气排放的成分相结合,可以估算出 1.1 MW 的热能通量。27‰) 的解释是当 CO2 在温度 >180 °C 时在地热储层中反应形成方解石时发生的碳同位素分馏。观察到土壤温度和深层 CO2 通量之间存在明显的相关性,并且将扩散脱气信息与烟气排放的成分相结合,可以估算出 1.1 MW 的热能通量。27‰) 的解释是当 CO2 在温度 >180 °C 时在地热储层中反应形成方解石时发生的碳同位素分馏。观察到土壤温度和深层 CO2 通量之间存在明显的相关性,并且将扩散脱气信息与烟气排放的成分相结合,可以估算出 1.1 MW 的热能通量。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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