Honey bees produce heat shock proteins (HSPs) following biotic and abiotic stressors to protect cells from damage. In the current study, the pattern of HSP70 gene transcription, foraging, and temperature inside and outside the hive and their association in Apis mellifera meda colonies during Ziziphus blooming period were investigated. Therefore, the number of bees entering the hive, temperature inside and outside the hive were recorded in six colonies at different times of the day. Entering and exiting worker bees were sampled in the front of three hives at three times during the day, morning, midday, and afternoon to evaluate HSP70 gene expression by real-time PCR. The results showed that the flight behavior was influenced by the inside and outside hive temperatures, which was lower and higher in the midday and at the end of the day, respectively. The peak amount of HSP70 gene transcription at the midday was associated with the lowest bee flight activity and highest inside and outside the hive temperatures. In addition, the peak of flight activity was associated with intermediate levels of HSP70 gene expression in the afternoon.

中文翻译：

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蜜蜂在蜂群中HSP70基因表达、飞行活动和温度的模式

蜜蜂在生物和非生物压力源后产生热休克蛋白 (HSP)，以保护细胞免受损伤。本研究主要研究了蜂花盛开期蜂巢内HSP70基因的转录、觅食、温度以及它们在蜂群中的关联。因此，在一天的不同时间记录了六个蜂群进入蜂巢的蜜蜂数量、蜂巢内外的温度。进出工蜂在白天、上午、中午和下午三个时间点在三个蜂箱前采样，通过实时PCR评估HSP70基因表达。结果表明，飞行行为受蜂巢内外温度的影响，分别在中午和一天结束时较低和较高。中午的 HSP70 基因转录峰值与最低的蜜蜂飞行活动和最高的蜂巢温度有关。此外，飞行活动的高峰与下午 HSP70 基因表达的中间水平有关。