Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gaseous molecule that has drawn growing concerns for cancer treatment, due to its multifaceted regulation of cellular function and the tumor microenvironment. The past decades have witnessed extensive efforts into this emerging field, centered in the development of intelligent CO donors and CO delivery based on nanomaterials. However, CO delivery is beset with biosafety problems arising from burst release and the demand for high therapeutic concentrations in tumor tissues. In this review, we provide an overview of physiological and therapeutic effects of CO, and discuss the recent progress in CO application for cancer treatment. The main emphasis is placed on CO-releasing platforms to overcome the challenges in delivery and underlying synergistic mechanism against cancer. Eventually, the obstacles confronted and future directions of CO therapy are also highlighted for future clinical translation.

一氧化碳（CO）是一种气体分子，由于其对细胞功能和肿瘤微环境的多方面调节，已引起癌症治疗的日益关注。在过去的几十年中，目睹了这一新兴领域的广泛努力，其重点是开发智能的CO供体和基于纳米材料的CO输送。然而，CO的释放困扰着生物安全性问题，该问题源于爆发释放和肿瘤组织中对高治疗浓度的需求。在这篇综述中，我们提供了CO的生理和治疗作用的概述，并讨论了在CO用于癌症治疗中的最新进展。主要重点放在释放CO的平台上，以克服运送和潜在抗癌协同机制方面的挑战。最终，