Aquatic macrophytes that occur in isolated ponds in hostile pasture matrices may be subject to setbacks in the delicate balance of animal-plant interactions, such as pollination systems. In this work we took as a model Nymphaea pulchella DC., a species which occurs in isolated ponds in pastures in Northeast Brazil. We aimed to elucidate how complex pollination mechanisms can survive in human-dominated landscapes. We conducted studies involving floral biology to determine the morphological structure of the whorls and the anthesis sequence. We also analyzed behavior and frequency of floral visitors, as well as how the floral organs were used as resources, and tried to determine if there was pollinator dependence through pollen tube analyses and controlled pollination experiments. We recorded a gradient structure of floral organs and differences in the timing and extent of floral opening between days. Trigona spinipes consumes all floral whorls indiscriminately (configuring direct and indirect florivory). Despite the florivory, this bee was the most abundant floral visitor and was the only one confirmed effective pollinator. N. pulchella is autogamous with delayed self-pollination, but there were significantly more fruits formed in flowers exposed to bees than in spontaneous self-pollination, and even flowers with partially consumed ovaries produced fruits. Since interaction with T. spinipes contributes to greater fruit formation, we believe this supergeneralist native bee is an important factor in ensuring the success of N. pulchella in occupying the pasture matrix studied.

在敌对的牧场基质中隔离池塘中生长的水生植物可能会因动植物相互作用（如授粉系统）的微妙平衡而受到挫折。在这项工作中，我们以星莲睡莲为模型DC。，一种在巴西东北部牧场的孤立池塘中生长的物种。我们旨在阐明复杂的授粉机制如何在人类主导的景观中生存。我们进行了涉及花卉生物学的研究，以确定轮生菌的形态结构和花序。我们还分析了花访客的行为和频率，以及如何将花器官用作资源，并试图通过花粉管分析和受控的授粉实验来确定是否有授粉媒介依赖性。我们记录了花器官的梯度结构，以及两天之间花开放的时间和程度的差异。三角藜不加选择地消耗所有花的轮生植物（配置直接和间接花粉）。尽管有各种花粉，但该蜜蜂还是最丰富的花卉访客，并且是唯一被证实有效的传粉者。N. pulchella是自花授粉的，具有延迟的自花授粉，但暴露于蜜蜂的花朵中形成的果实明显多于自发的自花授粉，甚至卵巢部分被消耗的花朵也能结出果实。由于与T. spinipes的交互作用有助于形成更大的果实，因此我们认为，这种超级成群的本地蜜蜂是确保N. pulchella成功占领所研究的牧场基质的重要因素。