Abstract In the metallurgical industry, Liquid Metal Cleanliness Analyser (LiMCA) commercial equipment cannot distinguish between hard particles (e.g., oxides, borides) and deformable particles (e.g., bubbles, molten salts). Therefore, hard particle concentrations can sometimes be grossly overestimated, which reduces the measurement accuracy. However, the method could potentially discriminate between deformable particles and hard particles by evaluating the particle's ability to deform. In this work, the coupled multiphysics problem of a particle deforming within current-carrying aluminium metal passing through the electric sensing zone (ESZ) is simulated using the conservative level-set (CLS) method. An emphasis is placed on understanding the transient deformation history, and the effect of the capillary number, Reynolds number, and confinement ratio on deformation are studied. Furthermore, a computational basis is given to estimate the influence of particle deformation on electrical resistance pulses (ERP). It is found that ERP features of deformation particles, including the peak magnitude and the pulse width, are different from those of hard particles. Based on the results, the effect of a particle's deformation and the feasibility to discriminate it from non-deformable particles in the LiMCA system is evaluated.

中文翻译：

---

用 LiMCA 系统区分可变形颗粒的两相流模拟

摘要 在冶金行业，液态金属清洁度分析仪（LiMCA）商用设备无法区分硬颗粒（如氧化物、硼化物）和可变形颗粒（如气泡、熔盐）。因此，有时会严重高估硬颗粒浓度，从而降低测量精度。然而，该方法可能通过评估颗粒的变形能力来区分可变形颗粒和硬颗粒。在这项工作中，使用保守水平集 (CLS) 方法模拟了通过电传感区 (ESZ) 的载流铝金属内粒子变形的耦合多物理场问题。重点放在了解瞬态变形历史，以及毛细管数、雷诺数、研究了变形的约束比。此外，还提供了计算基础来估计粒子变形对电阻脉冲 (ERP) 的影响。发现变形颗粒的 ERP 特征，包括峰值幅度和脉冲宽度，与硬颗粒的 ERP 特征不同。基于结果，评估了粒子变形的影响以及在 LiMCA 系统中将其与不可变形粒子区分开来的可行性。