Abstract Ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented climate change during the past decades, which drove evident shifts in ecosystem states, processes and functions. Understanding ecosystem stability is critical for accurately assessing and predicting ecosystem state shifts when exposed to climate fluctuations. Here, we disentangled and evaluated the dimensionality of ecosystem stability in terms of productivity substituted by normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) in response to climate changes in temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, temporally or spatially. Invariability, resistance, and resilience were considered as the stability components for five different grassland types across the Tibetan Plateau. The dimensionality of ecosystem stability was derived from the pairwise correlation matrics between invariability, resistance, and resilience. Our results confirmed that ecosystem productivity stability is grassland-type specific, with alpine meadows and steppes being more stable than temperate meadows, steppes, and desert-steppes. The dimensionality and components of grassland stability on the Tibetan Plateau showed strong altitudinal dependence. Invariability and resistance first increased and then decreased along increasing altitudes, with their maximums peaking at the middle-altitudes of ~3,750 m. However, the resilience of ecosystem productivity linearly increased with increasing altitudes. Correlations among stability components were highest at the altitude of ~ 3,300 m, where is the transition zone between temperate and alpine grasslands and the lowest dimensionality of ecosystem stability. Finally, we suggest that the altitudinal shifts of stability dimensionality might be the signals of grassland state transition from temperate to alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau.

中文翻译：

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青藏高原草地稳定性维数随海拔高度变化

摘要 在过去的几十年中，生态系统正在经历前所未有的气候变化，这推动了生态系统状态、过程和功能的明显变化。了解生态系统稳定性对于准确评估和预测暴露于气候波动时的生态系统状态变化至关重要。在这里，我们解开并评估了生态系统稳定性的维度，以生产力代替归一化差异植被指数 (NDVI)，以响应气候在时间或空间上的温度、降水和太阳辐射变化。不变性、抵抗力和恢复力被认为是青藏高原五种不同草地类型的稳定性组成部分。生态系统稳定性的维数来源于不变性、抗性、和韧性。我们的研究结果证实，生态系统生产力的稳定性是草地类型特有的，高寒草甸和草原比温带草甸、草原和沙漠草原更稳定。青藏高原草地稳定性的维数和成分表现出强烈的海拔依赖性。不变性和阻力随着海拔的升高先增加然后减少，其最大值在约 3,750 m 的中海拔处达到峰值。然而，生态系统生产力的恢复力随着海拔的升高而线性增加。稳定性分量之间的相关性在海拔~3,300 m 处最高，这里是温带和高山草原之间的过渡带，生态系统稳定性的维数最低。最后，