The recent rate of the expansion of graphene nanomaterials requires appropriate toxicological assessment for biomedical usage. The toxicity of graphene and its composites is a major hurdle. Here, we report the effects of reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites on mouse fibroblast (NCTC-929) cells with the aim for futuristic biomedical applications of our synthesized material such as wearable device. The rGO was prepared by modified Hummer’s method and conjugated in comparison with carbon nanotubes (CNT), silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide particles and polyurethane to form nanocomposites. The as-prepared nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis. As expected, most of our purified nanocomposites did not show any cytotoxicity on NCTC-929 cells when cultured with different doses of the samples. The nanomaterials were biocompatible and the cells displayed a viability of 80% and more. However, the nanocomposites that were autoclaved prior to testing were toxic. The materials with ZnO conjugation showed a dose dependent toxicity. The composites that had CNTs conjugated with rGO (rGO3C) were toxic than compared to the rGO-CNT conjugated with silver nanoparticles (rGO6CAgNP and rGO3CAgNP). When these nanomaterials are explored for several other applications in vivo, their biocompatibility is a major factor to be considered.

中文翻译：

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与各种化学合成的氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料相比，小鼠成纤维细胞的安全性评估控制

石墨烯纳米材料最近的膨胀速度要求对生物医学用途进行适当的毒理学评估。石墨烯及其复合材料的毒性是主要障碍。在这里，我们报告还原的氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料对小鼠成纤维细胞（NCTC-929）细胞的影响，目的是对我们合成材料（如可穿戴设备）的未来生物医学应用进行研究。rGO是通过改良的Hummer方法制备的，与碳纳米管（CNT），银纳米颗粒，氧化锌颗粒和聚氨酯进行共轭形成纳米复合材料。使用X射线衍射，拉曼光谱，透射电子显微镜，场发射扫描电子显微镜和EDX分析对所制备的纳米复合材料进行表征。不出所料 当用不同剂量的样品培养时，我们大多数纯化的纳米复合材料对NCTC-929细胞没有任何细胞毒性。纳米材料具有生物相容性，并且细胞显示出80％或更高的生存力。然而，在测试之前高压灭菌的纳米复合材料是有毒的。具有ZnO结合的材料显示出剂量依赖性毒性。与结合有银纳米粒子的rGO-CNT（rGO6CAgNP和rGO3CAgNP）相比，具有与rGO（rGO3C）结合的CNT的复合材料具有毒性。当探索这些纳米材料用于体内的其他几种应用时，它们的生物相容性是要考虑的主要因素。测试前高压灭菌的纳米复合材料是有毒的。具有ZnO结合的材料显示出剂量依赖性毒性。与结合有银纳米粒子的rGO-CNT（rGO6CAgNP和rGO3CAgNP）相比，具有与rGO（rGO3C）结合的CNT的复合材料具有毒性。当探索这些纳米材料用于体内的其他几种应用时，它们的生物相容性是要考虑的主要因素。测试前高压灭菌的纳米复合材料是有毒的。具有ZnO结合的材料显示出剂量依赖性毒性。与结合有银纳米粒子的rGO-CNT（rGO6CAgNP和rGO3CAgNP）相比，具有与rGO（rGO3C）结合的CNT的复合材料具有毒性。当探索这些纳米材料用于体内的其他几种应用时，它们的生物相容性是要考虑的主要因素。