Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is the most common form of colon cancer. The glutathione S-transferase Mu (GSTM) gene belongs to the GST gene family, which functions in cell metabolism and detoxification. The relationship between GSTM and COAD and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Data extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas included mRNA expression and clinical information such as gender, age, and tumor stage. Prognostic values of GSTM genes were identified by survival analysis. Function and mechanism of prognostic GSTM genes were identified by gene set enrichment analysis. A nomogram was used to predict the contribution of risk factors to the outcome of COAD patients. Low expression of GSTM1 and GSTM2 was related to favorable OS (adjusted P = 0.006, adjusted HR = 0.559, 95% CI = 0.367–0.849 and adjusted P = 0.002, adjusted HR = 0.519, 95% CI = 0.342–0.790, respectively) after adjusting for tumor stage. Enrichment analysis also showed that genes involved were related to cell cycle, metabolism, and detoxification processes, as well as the Wnt signaling and NF-κB pathways. In conclusion, low expression of GSTM1 and GSTM2 were significantly associated with favorable prognosis in COAD. These two genes may serve as potential biomarkers of COAD prognosis.

中文翻译：

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谷胱甘肽S-转移酶mu基因家族在结肠腺癌中的临床意义和生物学机制。

结肠腺癌（COAD）是结肠癌的最常见形式。谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Mu（GSTM）基因属于GST基因家族，在细胞代谢和排毒中起作用。GSTM和COAD之间的关系以及潜在的机制仍然未知。从癌症基因组图谱中提取的数据包括mRNA表达和临床信息，例如性别，年龄和肿瘤分期。通过存活分析鉴定了GSTM基因的预后价值。通过基因组富集分析鉴定了预后性GSTM基因的功能和机制。诺模图用于预测危险因素对COAD患者预后的影响。GSTM1和GSTM2的低表达与良好的OS相关（调整后的P = 0.006，调整后的HR = 0.559，95％CI = 0.367-0.849，调整后的P = 0.002，调整后的HR = 0.519，调整肿瘤分期后，分别为95％CI = 0.342–0.790。富集分析还表明，涉及的基因与细胞周期，代谢和排毒过程以及Wnt信号传导和NF-κB途径有关。总之，GSTM1和GSTM2的低表达与COAD预后良好相关。这两个基因可能作为COAD预后的潜在生物标志物。