Proline-rich extension-like receptor protein kinases (PERKs) are an important class of receptor kinases located in the plasma membrane, most of which play a vital role in pollen development. Our study identified 25 putative PERK genes from the whole Brassica rapa genome (AA). Phylogenetic analysis of PERK protein sequences from 16 Brassicaceae species divided them into four subfamilies. The biophysical properties of the BrPERKs were investigated. Gene duplication and synteny analyses and the calculation of Ka/Ks values suggested that all 80 orthologous/paralogous gene pairs between B. rapa and A. thaliana, B. nigra and B. oleracea have experienced strong purifying selection. RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR analyses showed that several BrPERK genes were expressed in different tissues, while some BrPERKs exhibited high expression levels only in buds. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analyses from six male-sterile lines of B. rapa indicated that 7 BrPERK genes were downregulated in all six male-sterile lines. Meanwhile, the interaction networks of the BrPERK genes were constructed and 13 PERK coexpressed genes were identified, most of which were downregulated in the male sterile buds. Combined with interaction networks, coexpression and qRT-PCR analyses, these results demonstrated that two BrPERK genes, Bra001723.1 and Bra037558.1 (the orthologs of AtPERK6 (AT3G18810)), were downregulated beginning in the meiosis II period of male sterile lines and involved in anther development. Overall, this comprehensive analysis of some BrPERK genes elucidated their roles in male sterility.

中文翻译：

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全基因组分析的甘蓝型油菜中富含脯氨酸的延伸样受体蛋白激酶（PERK）及其与花粉发育的关系。

富含脯氨酸的延伸样受体蛋白激酶（PERK）是位于质膜上的一类重要的受体激酶，其中大多数在花粉发育中起着至关重要的作用。我们的研究从整个芸苔基因组（AA）中鉴定出25个推定的PERK基因。从16种十字花科的PERK蛋白序列进行系统发育分析，将其分为四个亚科。研究了BrPERK的生物物理特性。基因复制和同义分析以及Ka / Ks值的计算表明，R。rapa和A. thaliana，B。nigra和B. oleracea之间的所有80个直系/旁系基因对都经历了强烈的纯化选择。RNA-Seq数据和qRT-PCR分析表明，几种BrPERK基因在不同的组织中表达，而某些BrPERK仅在芽中表现出高表达水平。此外，从六个芜菁雄性不育品系的比较转录组分析表明，在所有六个雄性不育品系中7个BrPERK基因被下调。同时，构建了BrPERK基因的相互作用网络并鉴定了13个PERK共表达基因，其中大多数在雄性不育芽中被下调。结合相互作用网络，共表达和qRT-PCR分析，这些结果表明，从雄性不育系减数分裂II期开始，两个BrPERK基因Bra001723.1和Bra037558.1（AtPERK6的直系同源基因（AT3G18810））被下调。参与花药发育。总体而言，对某些BrPERK基因的综合分析阐明了它们在雄性不育中的作用。rapa表明在所有六个雄性不育系中7个BrPERK基因被下调。同时，构建了BrPERK基因的相互作用网络，鉴定了13个PERK共表达基因，其中大多数在雄性不育芽中被下调。结合相互作用网络，共表达和qRT-PCR分析，这些结果表明，从雄性不育系减数分裂II期开始，两个BrPERK基因Bra001723.1和Bra037558.1（AtPERK6的直系同源基因（AT3G18810））被下调。参与花药发育。总体而言，对某些BrPERK基因的综合分析阐明了它们在雄性不育中的作用。rapa表明在所有六个雄性不育系中7个BrPERK基因被下调。同时，构建了BrPERK基因的相互作用网络，鉴定了13个PERK共表达基因，其中大多数在雄性不育芽中被下调。结合相互作用网络，共表达和qRT-PCR分析，这些结果表明，从雄性不育系减数分裂II期开始，两个BrPERK基因Bra001723.1和Bra037558.1（AtPERK6的直系同源基因（AT3G18810））被下调。参与花药发育。总体而言，对某些BrPERK基因的综合分析阐明了它们在雄性不育中的作用。其中大多数在雄性不育芽中被下调。结合相互作用网络，共表达和qRT-PCR分析，这些结果表明，从雄性不育系减数分裂II期开始，两个BrPERK基因Bra001723.1和Bra037558.1（AtPERK6的直系同源基因（AT3G18810））被下调。参与花药发育。总体而言，对某些BrPERK基因的综合分析阐明了它们在雄性不育中的作用。其中大多数在雄性不育芽中被下调。结合相互作用网络，共表达和qRT-PCR分析，这些结果表明，从雄性不育系减数分裂II期开始，两个BrPERK基因Bra001723.1和Bra037558.1（AtPERK6的直系同源基因（AT3G18810））被下调。参与花药发育。总体而言，对某些BrPERK基因的综合分析阐明了它们在雄性不育中的作用。