Extreme weather and climate events and their impacts can occur in complex combinations, an interaction shaped by physical drivers and societal forces. In these situations, governance, markets and other decision-making structures—together with population exposure and vulnerability—create nonphysical interconnections among events by linking their impacts, to positive or negative effect. Various anthropogenic actions can also directly affect the severity of events, further complicating these feedback loops. Such relationships are rarely characterized or considered in physical-sciences-based research contexts. Here, we present a multidisciplinary argument for the concept of connected extreme events, and we suggest vantage points and approaches for producing climate information useful in guiding decisions about them.

极端天气和气候事件及其影响可能以复杂的组合形式发生，这种相互作用是由物理驱动力和社会力量共同形成的。在这种情况下，治理，市场和其他决策结构，以及人口暴露和脆弱性，通过将事件的影响联系起来，产生积极或消极的影响，从而在事件之间建立了非物质的联系。各种人为行为也可以直接影响事件的严重性，从而使这些反馈回路更加复杂。在基于物理科学的研究环境中，很少会描述或考虑这种关系。在这里，我们对关联的极端事件的概念提出了多学科的论据，并且我们建议了有利的点和方法来产生气候信息，这些信息和方法有助于指导有关它们的决策。