Evidence from several earthwork-building societies has recently been discovered in Amazonia that challenges existing theories about precolonial, human-environment interactions. Combining data obtained by plant macrofossil analyses, archaeological excavations, historical sources, and indigenous oral histories, we focus on the pre-colonial sources of subsistence and domestication processes of some tree species. Our study shows that the societies that built geoglyph-type earthworks in southwestern Amazonia harvested and consumed both wild and domesticated palm fruits, Brazil nuts and other identified species in the first millennium of the Common Era. Drawing on theories of human ecology, we argue that in the pre-colonial Amazonian context, plant domestication occurred as complex and nonlinear activities of protecting, supporting, and cultivating. This multifaceted indigenous cultural phenomenon of domestication had an important long lasting impact on Amazonian forest composition, and it is obvious that human and botanical interaction has also led to clear and observable differences in Brazil nuts and some palm fruits compared to their ancestors.

最近在亚马逊地区发现了一些土方建筑协会的证据，这些证据挑战了有关殖民前人类与环境相互作用的现有理论。结合植物大化石分析，考古发掘，历史资料和土著口述史获得的数据，我们集中于某些树种的殖民前生存和驯化过程资料。我们的研究表明，在普通亚马逊时代的前一个千年中，在西南亚马逊地区建立了象形文字的土方的社会收割和食用了野生和驯化的棕榈果，巴西坚果和其他确定的物种。根据人类生态学理论，我们认为在殖民前的亚马逊时代背景下，植物驯化是保护，支持和栽培的复杂且非线性的活动。