Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) has been successfully used to disinfest fresh commodities and facilitate international agricultural trade. Critical aspects that may reduce PI efficacy must be considered to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of approved treatment schedules. One factor that can potentially reduce PI efficacy is irradiation under low oxygen conditions. This factor is particularly important because storage and packaging of horticultural commodities under low oxygen levels constitute practices widely used to preserve their quality and extend their shelf life. Hence, international organizations and regulatory agencies have considered the uncertainties regarding the efficacy of PI doses for insects infesting fresh commodities stored under low oxygen levels as a rationale for restricting PI application under modified atmosphere. Our research examines the extent to which low oxygen treatments can reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation for tephritids naturally infesting fruits. The effects of normoxia (21% O₂), hypoxia (~5% O₂), and severe hypoxia (< 0.5% O₂) on radiation sensitivity of third instars of Anastrepha fraterculus (sensu lato), A. ludens (Loew), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were evaluated and compared at several gamma radiation doses. Our findings suggest that, compared to normoxia, hypoxic and severe-hypoxic conditioning before and during irradiation can increase adult emergence and contribute to advancement of larval development of tephritid fruit flies only at low radiation doses that are not used as phytosanitary treatments. With phytosanitary irradiation doses approved internationally for several tephritids, low oxygen treatments applied before and during irradiation did not increase the emergence rates of any fruit fly species evaluated, and all treated insects died as coarctate larvae. Thus, the findings of our research support a re-evaluation of restrictions related to phytosanitary irradiation application under modified atmospheres targeting tephritid fruit flies.

中文翻译：

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修改过的气氛不会降低推荐用于拟南芥果蝇的植物检疫辐照剂量的功效。

植物检疫辐照（PI）已成功用于对新鲜商品进行除虫消毒并促进国际农业贸易。必须考虑可能降低PI疗效的关键方面，以确保批准的治疗方案的一致性和有效性。可能会降低PI功效的一个因素是在低氧条件下进行辐照。该因素特别重要，因为在低氧水平下园艺产品的存储和包装构成了广泛用于保持其质量和延长其货架期的做法。因此，国际组织和监管机构已经考虑到PI剂量对昆虫侵害低氧水平下储存的新鲜商品的功效的不确定性，以此作为限制在改良气氛下应用PI的理由。我们的研究检查了低氧处理在多大程度上降低了对自然侵染果实的特霉病的植物检疫辐射的功效。常氧的影响（21％O₂），缺氧（〜5％氧气₂）和严重缺氧（<0.5％氧气₂）上的第三龄期的辐射敏感性实蝇fraterculus（意义上拉托），A.珍（勒夫），桔小实蝇（实蝇），和人头角膜炎（Wiedemann）（Wiedemann）在几种伽玛射线剂量下进行了评估和比较。我们的研究结果表明，与正常氧相比，辐照前和辐照期间的低氧和严重低氧条件可以增加成虫的出现，并且仅在不用作植物检疫处理的低辐射剂量下，有助于促进特发性果蝇幼虫的发育。在国际上批准了数种灭蚊虫的植物检疫辐照剂量的情况下，辐照之前和辐照期间进行的低氧处理并未提高所评估的任何果蝇物种的出苗率，并且所有经处理的昆虫均死为缩毛幼虫。因此，我们研究的结果支持在针对特福列特果蝇的改良气氛下对植物检疫辐照应用相关限制的重新评估。