Biological logic gates are smart probes able to respond to biological conditions in behaviors similar to computer logic gates, and they pose a promising challenge for modern medicine. Researchers are creating many kinds of smart nanostructures that can respond to various biological parameters such as pH, ion presence, and enzyme activity. Each of these conditions alone might be interesting in a biological sense, but their interactions are what define specific disease conditions. Researchers over the past few decades have developed a plethora of stimuli‐responsive nanodevices, from activatable fluorescent probes to DNA origami nanomachines, many explicitly defining logic operations. Whereas many smart configurations have been explored, in this review we focus on logic operations actuated through fluorescent signals. We discuss the applicability of fluorescence as a means of logic gate implementation, and consider the use of both fluorescence intensity as well as fluorescence lifetime.

中文翻译：

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生物逻辑门的荧光。

生物逻辑门是能够以类似于计算机逻辑门的行为对生物条件做出响应的智能探针，它们对现代医学提出了有希望的挑战。研究人员正在创造出多种智能纳米结构，它们可以响应各种生物参数，例如pH，离子存在和酶活性。从生物学的角度来看，这些条件中的每一个都可能是有趣的，但是它们的相互作用是定义特定疾病条件的原因。在过去的几十年中，研究人员已经开发了多种刺激响应的纳米设备，从可激活的荧光探针到DNA折纸纳米机，其中许多都明确定义了逻辑运算。尽管已探索了许多智能配置，但在本文中，我们重点介绍通过荧光信号驱动的逻辑运算。