We conducted a time‐dependent study of cholesterol (Ch) nucleation to investigate the effect of calcium ions in the moderate supersaturated bile. In taurocholate/lecithin (TC/L) bile at a TC to L ratio of 5.1, the presence of calcium ions enhanced the nucleation rate of Ch. Contrarily, we observed the delayed nucleation of Ch after ~30 days in TC/L bile at a ratio of 2.0, regardless of the calcium ions. From the physical chemistry standpoint, the cholesterol activity (ChA_T) is believed to be the driving force for Ch nucleation together with the sufficient nucleation sites. Hence, the micellar formation models along with the binding of TC monomers to calcium ions interpreted the time‐dependent results. Furthermore, a quasielastic light–scattering technique detected the formation of micelles and vesicles. In conclusion, the presence of calcium ions in TC/L bile at a high ratio enhances the vesicle appearance for nucleation sites and the high ChA_T values for fast nucleation rate of Ch. However, an increase in the L concentration (i.e., low ratio bile) plays a significant role in the prevention of Ch gallstone formation, compared to the decrease in calcium ion concentration.

中文翻译：

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使用过饱和牛磺胆酸盐-卵磷脂-钙离子溶液中的颗粒外观，颗粒与钙离子的结合以及胆固醇随时间成核的胆结石形成分析

我们进行了胆固醇（Ch）成核的时间依赖性研究，以研究钙离子对中度过饱和胆汁的影响。在牛磺胆酸盐/卵磷脂（TC / L）胆汁中，TC与L的比率为5.1，钙离子的存在增强了Ch。的成核速率。相反，我们观察到在TC / L胆汁中〜30天后Ch的成核延迟，比率为2.0，而与钙离子无关。从物理化学的角度来看，胆固醇活性（ChA _T）被认为是Ch成核的驱动力以及足够的成核位点。因此，胶束形成模型以及TC单体与钙离子的结合解释了时间依赖性的结果。此外，准弹性光散射技术可检测到胶束和囊泡的形成。总之，高比例的TC / L胆汁中钙离子的存在增强了成核位点的囊泡外观，并提高了Ch的快速成核速率的高ChA _T值。然而，与钙离子浓度的降低相比，L浓度的增加（即低比例胆汁）在预防胆囊结石的形成中起着重要作用。