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Assessment of reference evapotranspiration across an arid urban environment having poor data monitoring system
Hydrological Processes ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 , DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13851 Elham Shafieiyoun 1, 2 , Mahdi Gheysari 1 , Mehdi Khiadani 2 , Jahangir Abedi Koupai 1 , Paria Shojaei 1 , Mohammad Moomkesh 1
Hydrological Processes ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 , DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13851 Elham Shafieiyoun 1, 2 , Mahdi Gheysari 1 , Mehdi Khiadani 2 , Jahangir Abedi Koupai 1 , Paria Shojaei 1 , Mohammad Moomkesh 1
Affiliation
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Estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) in urban areas is challenging but essential in arid urban climates. To evaluate ET0 in an urban environment and non‐urban areas, air temperature and relative humidity were measured at five different sites across the arid city of Isfahan, Iran, over 4 years. Wind speed and sunshine hours were obtained from an urban surrounding weather station over the same period and used to estimate ET0. Calculated ET0 was compared with satellite‐based ET0 retrieved from the MOD16A2 PET product. Although MODIS PET was strongly correlated with the Valiantzas equation, it overestimated ET0 and showed average accuracy (r = 0.93–0.94, RMSE = 1.18–1.28 mm/day, MBE = 0.73–0.84 mm/day). The highest ET0 differences between an urban green space and a non‐urban area were 1.1 and 0.87 mm/day, which were estimated by ground measurements and MODIS PET, respectively. The sensitivity of ET0 to wind speed and sunshine hours indicated a significant effect on cumulative ET0 at urban sites compared to the non‐urban site, which has a considerable impact on the amount of irrigation required in those areas. Although MODIS PET requires improvement to accurately reflect field level microclimate conditions affecting ET0, it is beneficial to hydrological applications and water resource managers especially in areas where data is limited. In addition, our results indicated that using limited data methods or meteorological data from regional weather stations, leads to incorrect estimation of ET0 in urban areas. Therefore, decision‐makers and urban planners should consider the importance of precisely estimating ET0 to optimize management of urban green space irrigation, especially in arid and semi‐arid climates such as the city of Isfahan.
中文翻译：
在数据监测系统较差的干旱城市环境中评估参考蒸散量
估算城市地区的参考蒸散量（ET 0）具有挑战性，但在干旱的城市气候中必不可少。为了评估城市环境和非城市地区的ET 0，在过去4年中，对伊朗伊斯法罕干旱城市的五个不同地点的空气温度和相对湿度进行了测量。风速和日照小时数是从同一时期的城市周围气象站获得的，并用于估算ET 0。计算ET 0与比较基于卫星的ET 0从MOD16A2 PET产物检索。尽管MODIS PET与Valiantzas方程密切相关，但它高估了ET 0并显示出平均准确度（r= 0.93–0.94，RMSE = 1.18–1.28 mm /天，MBE = 0.73–0.84 mm /天）。城市绿地和非城市区域之间最大的ET 0差异分别为1.1和0.87 mm /天，这分别通过地面测量和MODIS PET估算得出。与非城市站点相比，ET 0对风速和日照时数的敏感性表明对城市站点的累积ET 0有显着影响，这对那些地区所需的灌溉量有很大影响。尽管MODIS PET需要改进以准确反映影响ET 0的场级微气候条件，这对水文应用和水资源管理者特别是在数据有限的地区是有益的。此外，我们的结果表明，使用有限的数据方法或区域气象站的气象数据会导致对城市地区ET 0的错误估计。因此，决策者和城市规划者应考虑精确估算ET 0的重要性，以优化城市绿地灌溉的管理，尤其是在伊斯法罕市等干旱和半干旱气候下。
更新日期：2020-07-23
中文翻译：
在数据监测系统较差的干旱城市环境中评估参考蒸散量
估算城市地区的参考蒸散量（ET 0）具有挑战性，但在干旱的城市气候中必不可少。为了评估城市环境和非城市地区的ET 0，在过去4年中，对伊朗伊斯法罕干旱城市的五个不同地点的空气温度和相对湿度进行了测量。风速和日照小时数是从同一时期的城市周围气象站获得的，并用于估算ET 0。计算ET 0与比较基于卫星的ET 0从MOD16A2 PET产物检索。尽管MODIS PET与Valiantzas方程密切相关，但它高估了ET 0并显示出平均准确度（r= 0.93–0.94，RMSE = 1.18–1.28 mm /天，MBE = 0.73–0.84 mm /天）。城市绿地和非城市区域之间最大的ET 0差异分别为1.1和0.87 mm /天，这分别通过地面测量和MODIS PET估算得出。与非城市站点相比，ET 0对风速和日照时数的敏感性表明对城市站点的累积ET 0有显着影响，这对那些地区所需的灌溉量有很大影响。尽管MODIS PET需要改进以准确反映影响ET 0的场级微气候条件，这对水文应用和水资源管理者特别是在数据有限的地区是有益的。此外，我们的结果表明，使用有限的数据方法或区域气象站的气象数据会导致对城市地区ET 0的错误估计。因此，决策者和城市规划者应考虑精确估算ET 0的重要性，以优化城市绿地灌溉的管理，尤其是在伊斯法罕市等干旱和半干旱气候下。
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