Evolutionary rescue can prevent populations from declining under climate change, and should be more likely at high-latitude, "leading" edges of species' ranges due to greater temperature anomalies and gene flow from warm-adapted populations. Using a resurrection study with seeds collected before and after a seven-year period of record warming, we tested for thermal adaptation in the scarlet monkeyflower Mimulus cardinalis. We grew ancestors and descendants from northern-edge, central, and southern-edge populations across eight temperatures. Despite recent climate anomalies, populations showed limited evolution of thermal performance curves. However, one southern population evolved a narrower thermal performance breadth by 1.31°C, which matches the direction and magnitude of the average decrease in seasonality experienced. Consistent with the climate variability hypothesis, thermal performance breadth increased with temperature seasonality across the species' geographic range. Inconsistent with performance trade-offs between low and high temperatures across populations, we did not detect a positive relationship between thermal optimum and mean temperature. These findings fail to support the hypothesis that evolutionary response to climate change is greatest at the leading edge, and suggest that the evolution of thermal performance is unlikely to rescue most populations from the detrimental effects of rapidly changing climate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

---

一项复活研究揭示了在猩红色猴花的地理范围内响应近期气候变化的热性能的有限演变

进化救援可以防止人口在气候变化下下降，并且由于更大的温度异常和来自暖适应种群的基因流动，应该更有可能在高纬度、物种范围的“前沿”。我们对在创纪录的七年变暖前后收集的种子进行了复活研究，测试了猩红色猴花 Mimulus cardinalis 的热适应。我们在八种温度下从北部边缘、中部和南部边缘种群中培育出祖先和后代。尽管最近出现了气候异常，但人口的热性能曲线的演变有限。然而，一个南方种群的热性能宽度变窄了 1.31°C，这与所经历的季节性平均下降的方向和幅度相匹配。与气候变率假设一致，热性能广度随着物种地理范围内的温度季节性而增加。与不同人群的低温和高温之间的性能权衡不一致，我们没有检测到最佳温度和平均温度之间存在正相关关系。这些发现未能支持对气候变化的进化反应在前沿最大的假设，并表明热性能的进化不太可能使大多数人口免受快速变化的气候的不利影响。本文受版权保护。版权所有。与不同人群的低温和高温之间的性能权衡不一致，我们没有检测到最佳温度和平均温度之间存在正相关关系。这些发现未能支持对气候变化的进化反应在前沿最大的假设，并表明热性能的进化不太可能使大多数人口免受快速变化的气候的不利影响。本文受版权保护。版权所有。与不同人群的低温和高温之间的性能权衡不一致，我们没有检测到最佳温度和平均温度之间存在正相关关系。这些发现未能支持对气候变化的进化反应在前沿最大的假设，并表明热性能的进化不太可能使大多数人口免受快速变化的气候的不利影响。本文受版权保护。版权所有。并表明热性能的演变不太可能将大多数人口从快速变化的气候的不利影响中拯救出来。本文受版权保护。版权所有。并表明热性能的演变不太可能将大多数人口从快速变化的气候的不利影响中拯救出来。本文受版权保护。版权所有。