Screening-Level Estimates of Environmental Release Rates, Predicted Exposures, and Toxic Pressures of Currently Used Chemicals.,Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Screening-Level Estimates of Environmental Release Rates, Predicted Exposures, and Toxic Pressures of Currently Used Chemicals.
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 , DOI: 10.1002/etc.4801
Dik van de Meent _{1,

2,

3} , Dick de Zwart _{1,

2,

3} , Leo Posthuma _{3,

4}

Affiliation

We describe a procedure to quantify emissions of chemicals for environmental protection, assessment, and management purposes. The procedure uses production and use volumes from registration dossiers and combines these with Specific Environmental Release Category data. The procedure was applied in a case study. Emission estimations were made for chemicals registered under the European Union chemicals regulations for industrial chemicals (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals [REACH]) and for the active ingredients of medicines and crop protection products. Emissions themselves cannot be validated. Instead, emission estimates were followed by multimedia fate modeling and mixture toxic pressure modeling to arrive at predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) and toxic pressures for a typical European water body at steady state, which were compared with other such data. The results show that screening‐level assessments could be performed, and yielded estimates of emissions, PECs, and mixture toxic pressures of chemicals used in Europe. Steady‐state PECs agreed fairly well with measured concentrations. The mixture toxic pressure at steady state suggests the presence of effects in aquatic species assemblages, whereby few compounds dominate the predicted impact. The study shows that our screening‐level emission estimation procedure is sufficiently accurate and precise to serve as a basis for assessment of chemical pollution in aquatic ecosystems at the scale of river catchments. Given a recognized societal need to develop methods for realistic, cumulative exposures, the emission assessment procedure can assist in the prioritization of chemicals in safety policies (such as the European Union REACH regulation), where “possibility to be used safely” needs to be demonstrated, and environmental quality policies (such as the European Union Water Framework Directive), where “good environmental quality” needs to be reached. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1839–1851. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

中文翻译：

当前使用化学品的环境释放速率，预测的接触量和毒性压力的筛选级别估计。

我们描述了一种为环境保护，评估和管理目的量化化学药品排放的程序。该程序使用注册卷宗的生产量和使用量，并将其与特定环境释放类别数据结合在一起。该程序用于案例研究。对根据欧盟工业化学品化学法规（化学药品的注册，评估，授权和限制[REACH]）以及药物和作物保护产品的有效成分注册的化学物质进行了排放估算。排放本身无法验证。代替，排放估算之后，再进行多媒体命运建模和混合毒性压力建模，以得出典型欧洲水体稳态时的预测环境浓度（PEC）和毒性压力，并将其与其他此类数据进行比较。结果表明，可以进行筛查级评估，并得出欧洲使用的化学物质的排放量，PEC和混合物毒性压力的估计值。稳态PEC与测得的浓度非常吻合。稳定状态下的混合物毒性压力表明在水生物种集合体中存在影响，因此很少有化合物能控制预期的影响。研究表明，我们的筛查级排放估算程序足够准确，准确，可以作为评估流域规模水生生态系统中化学污染的基础。鉴于公认的社会需要开发现实的，累积的暴露量的方法，排放评估程序可以帮助在安全政策（例如欧盟REACH法规）中优先考虑化学品，其中需要证明“可以安全使用” ，以及需要达到“良好环境质量”的环境质量政策（例如欧盟水框架指令）。2020年《环境毒理学》； 39：1839–1851。©2020作者。Wiley Periodicals LLC代表SETAC发布的《环境毒理学和化学》。

更新日期：2020-06-15

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