Despite extensive vaccination, canine parvovirus (CPV) remains a leading infectious cause of canine mortality, especially among juveniles. This review provides an update on CPV vaccine types and vaccination protocols. The design of CPV prevention strategies and vaccination programs with a goal of herd immunity has been hampered by deficiencies of studies that model companion animal viral infections and inform an understanding of the basic reproduction number. However, the most important issue in eradication of CPV disease is represented by immunisation failures including: i) the presence of interfering titres of maternally-derived antibodies; ii) the presence of non-responders; and iii) possible reversion to virulence. In contrast, the role of the CPV variants in immunisation failures is widely debated. Taking into account the reduced circulation of canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 1 in countries where extensive vaccination is carried out, more effort should be made to aim for CPV eradication, including antibody testing to determine the optimal time for vaccinations of pups and adults and homogeneous vaccine coverage of dog population.

尽管进行了广泛的疫苗接种，犬细小病毒（CPV）仍然是导致犬类死亡的主要原因，尤其是幼犬。本综述提供了 CPV 疫苗类型和疫苗接种方案的最新信息。以群体免疫为目标的 CPV 预防策略和疫苗接种计划的设计因伴侣动物病毒感染模型研究和了解基本繁殖数的研究不足而受到阻碍。然而，根除 CPV 疾病的最重要问题是免疫失败，包括： i) 母源抗体干扰滴度的存在； ii) 存在无反应者； iii) 可能恢复毒力。相比之下，CPV 变异在免疫失败中的作用受到广泛争论。考虑到在广泛开展疫苗接种的国家中，犬瘟热病毒和1型犬腺病毒的传播有所减少，应更加努力地消灭CPV，包括进行抗体检测，以确定幼犬和成年犬接种疫苗的最佳时间，狗群的均匀疫苗覆盖率。