There is evidence from both in vitro and animal models that the consumption of edible mushrooms has beneficial effects on health. It is unclear whether similar effects exist in humans and which bioactive compounds are present. This review synthesises the evidence on the world's most commonly consumed mushroom, Agaricus bisporus to (i) examine its effect on human health outcomes; and (ii) determine the nutrient density of its bioactive compounds, which may explain their health effects. A systematic literature search was conducted on the consumption of A. bisporus, without date and study design limits. Bioactive compounds included ergosterol, ergothioneine, flavonoids, glucans and chitin. Two authors independently identified studies for inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Beneficial effects of A. bisporus on metabolic syndrome, immune function, gastrointestinal health and cancer, with the strongest evidence for the improvement in Vitamin D status in humans, were found. Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposed mushrooms may increase and maintain serum 25(OH)D levels to a similar degree as vitamin D supplements. A. bisporus contain beta-glucans, ergosterol, ergothioneine, vitamin D and an antioxidant compound usually reported as flavonoids; with varying concentrations depending on the type of mushroom, cooking method and duration, and UVB exposure. Further research is required to fully elucidate the bioactive compounds in mushrooms using vigorous analytical methods and expand the immunological markers being tested. To enable findings to be adopted into clinical practice and public health initiatives, replication of existing studies in different population groups is required to confirm the impact of A. bisporus on human health.

体外和动物模型都有证据表明食用食用蘑菇对健康有益。尚不清楚在人类中是否存在类似的作用以及存在哪些生物活性化合物。这篇综述综合了世界上最常食用的蘑菇双孢蘑菇的证据，以（i）研究其对人类健康结果的影响；（ii）确定其生物活性化合物的营养密度，这可以解释它们对健康的影响。对双孢曲霉的食用进行了系统的文献检索，没有日期和研究设计限制。生物活性化合物包括麦角固醇，麦角硫氨酸，类黄酮，葡聚糖和几丁质。两位作者独立确定了纳入研究并评估了方法学质量。发现双孢曲霉对代谢综合征，免疫功能，胃肠道健康和癌症的有益作用，最有力的证据表明可以改善人体内维生素D的状况。暴露于紫外线B（UVB）的蘑菇可能会增加并维持血清25（OH）D的水平，与维生素D补充剂的水平相似。双孢曲霉含有β-葡聚糖，麦角甾醇，麦角硫因，维生素D和通常被称为类黄酮的抗氧化剂；根据蘑菇的类型，烹饪方法和时间长短以及UVB暴露的浓度而定。需要进一步的研究，以使用有力的分析方法充分阐明蘑菇中的生物活性化合物，并扩大正在测试的免疫学标记。为了使研究结果能够被用于临床实践和公共卫生计划，需要在不同人群中复制现有研究以确认双孢曲霉对人类健康的影响。