Abstract Surface ruptures caused by strong earthquakes are one of the most concerning issues for construction projects. In this paper, geotechnical centrifuge model tests is performed to successfully simulate the reverse faulting process. Using a linear laser displacement sensor (LLDS) and the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique, the surface deformation process and faulting behaviours are studied in dry and wet sand with a thickness of 40 m above a bedrock surface. Based on an analysis of high-precision surface monitoring data, the soil rupture process is divided into four stages: the overall uplift period, inclination deformation period, scarp growth period, and deformation slowdown and lag period. In addition, the characteristics of the soil deformation and the propagation behaviour of the upper fault tip are obtained. This experiment and related achievements can provide references for further understanding the deformation of thick soil layers caused by reverse faulting.

中文翻译：

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基于离心机试验的强震地表破裂过程分析

摘要 强震引起的地表破裂是建设工程最关心的问题之一。在本文中，岩土离心机模型试验成功地模拟了反向断层过程。利用线性激光位移传感器 (LLDS) 和粒子图像测速 (PIV) 技术，研究了基岩表面上方 40 m 厚干砂和湿砂中的地表变形过程和断层行为。通过对高精度地表监测数据的分析，将土壤破裂过程分为四个阶段：整体隆升期、倾斜变形期、陡坡生长期、变形减缓滞后期。此外，还获得了上断层尖端的土壤变形特征和传播行为。