Abstract As a non-beam-based additive manufacturing (AM) method, binder jet 3D printing (BJ3DP) is a process where a liquid binder is jetted on layers of powdered materials, selectively joined and then followed by densification process. Among AM technologies, binder jetting holds distinctive promise due to possibility of rapid production of complex structures to achieve isotropic properties in the 3D printed samples. By taking advantage of traditional powder metallurgy, BJ3DP machines can produce prototypes in which material properties and surface finish are similar to those attained with traditional powder metallurgy. Various powdered materials have been 3D printed, however, a typical challenge during BJ3DP is developing printing and post-processing methods that maximize part performance. Therefore, a detailed review of the physical processes during 3D printing and the fundamental science of densification after sintering and post heat treatment steps are provided to understand the microstructural evolution and properties of binder jetted parts. Further, to determine the effects of the binder jetting process on metallurgical properties, the role of powder characteristics (e.g. morphology, mean size, and distribution), printing process parameters (e.g. layer thickness, print orientation, binder saturation, print speed, and drying time), sintering (e.g. temperature and holding time) and post-processing are discussed. With the development of AM technologies and need for post-processing in 3D printed parts, it is necessary to understand the microstructural evolution during densification process and here, processing steps are explained. Finally, opportunities for future advancement are addressed.

中文翻译：

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粘合剂喷射 3D 打印——工艺参数、材料、特性和挑战

摘要 作为一种非基于光束的增材制造 (AM) 方法，粘合剂喷射 3D 打印 (BJ3DP) 是一种将液体粘合剂喷射到粉末材料层上，选择性地接合，然后进行致密化过程的过程。在增材制造技术中，粘合剂喷射具有独特的前景，因为它可以快速生产复杂结构以实现 3D 打印样品的各向同性特性。通过利用传统粉末冶金技术，BJ3DP 机器可以生产出与传统粉末冶金技术相似的材料特性和表面光洁度的原型。已经 3D 打印了各种粉末材料，但是，BJ3DP 期间的一个典型挑战是开发可最大限度提高零件性能的打印和后处理方法。所以，详细回顾了 3D 打印过程中的物理过程以及烧结和后热处理步骤后致密化的基础科学，以了解粘合剂喷射部件的微观结构演变和特性。此外，为了确定粘合剂喷射工艺对冶金性能的影响，粉末特性（例如形态、平均尺寸和分布）、印刷工艺参数（例如层厚度、印刷取向、粘合剂饱和度、印刷速度和干燥度）的作用时间）、烧结（例如温度和保持时间）和后处理进行了讨论。随着 AM 技术的发展和 3D 打印零件后处理的需求，有必要了解致密化过程中的微观结构演变，并在此解释处理步骤。最后，