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Micro-structured copper and nickel metal foams for wastewater disinfection: proof-of-concept and scale-up
Process Safety and Environmental Protection ( IF 6.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.06.013 Jinghan Zhao 1 , Peihua Yan 1 , Benjamin Snow 1 , Rafael M Santos 1 , Yi Wai Chiang 1
Process Safety and Environmental Protection ( IF 6.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.06.013 Jinghan Zhao 1 , Peihua Yan 1 , Benjamin Snow 1 , Rafael M Santos 1 , Yi Wai Chiang 1
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Abstract It is necessary to disinfect treated wastewater prior to discharge to reduce exposure risks to humans and the environment. The currently practiced wastewater disinfection technologies are challenged by toxic by-products, chemicals and energy demand, a range of effectiveness limitations, among other concerns. An effective, eco-friendly, and energy-efficient alternative disinfection technique is desirable to modernize and enhance wastewater treatment operations. Copper and nickel micro-structured metal foams, and a conventional copper mesh, were evaluated as disinfecting surfaces for treating secondary-treated wastewater contaminated with coliform bacteria. The micro-structured copper foam was adopted for scale-up study, due to its stable and satisfactory bactericidal performance obtained over a wide range of bacterial concentrations and metal-to-liquid ratios. Three scales of experiments, using two types of reactor designs, were performed using municipal wastewater to determine the optimal scale-up factors: small lab-scale batch reactor, intermediate lab-scale batch reactor, and pilot-scale continuous tubular reactor experiments. The performance was evaluated with the aim of minimizing metal material requirement with respect to bactericidal efficiency and leaching risks at all scales. Copper foam, at or above optimal conditions, consistently inactivated over 95% of total coliforms, fecal coliforms and E.coli in wastewater at various scales, and leachate copper concentrations were determined to be below Canadian guideline values for outfall. This study successfully implemented the “structure” strategy of process intensification, and opens up the possibility to apply micro-structured copper foam in a range of other water disinfection systems, from pre-treatment to point-of-use, and should thus become a topic of further research.
中文翻译：
用于废水消毒的微结构铜和镍金属泡沫：概念验证和放大
摘要 有必要在排放前对处理过的废水进行消毒，以减少对人类和环境的暴露风险。当前实践的废水消毒技术受到有毒副产品、化学品和能源需求、一系列有效性限制等问题的挑战。需要一种有效、环保且节能的替代消毒技术，以实现废水处理操作的现代化和增强。铜和镍微结构金属泡沫以及传统的铜网被评估为用于处理被大肠菌污染的二级处理废水的消毒表面。采用微结构泡沫铜进行放大研究，由于其在广泛的细菌浓度和金属液比范围内获得稳定和令人满意的杀菌性能。三个规模的实验，使用两种类型的反应器设计，使用市政废水进行以确定最佳放大系数：小型实验室规模间歇反应器、中间实验室规模间歇反应器和中试规模连续管式反应器实验。评估性能的目的是最大限度地减少金属材料在所有规模的杀菌效率和浸出风险方面的需求。在最佳条件或以上条件下，泡沫铜始终使各种规模的废水中超过 95% 的总大肠菌群、粪便大肠菌群和大肠杆菌失活，并且渗滤液铜浓度被确定为低于加拿大排放口的指导值。
更新日期：2020-10-01
中文翻译：
用于废水消毒的微结构铜和镍金属泡沫：概念验证和放大
摘要 有必要在排放前对处理过的废水进行消毒，以减少对人类和环境的暴露风险。当前实践的废水消毒技术受到有毒副产品、化学品和能源需求、一系列有效性限制等问题的挑战。需要一种有效、环保且节能的替代消毒技术，以实现废水处理操作的现代化和增强。铜和镍微结构金属泡沫以及传统的铜网被评估为用于处理被大肠菌污染的二级处理废水的消毒表面。采用微结构泡沫铜进行放大研究，由于其在广泛的细菌浓度和金属液比范围内获得稳定和令人满意的杀菌性能。三个规模的实验，使用两种类型的反应器设计，使用市政废水进行以确定最佳放大系数：小型实验室规模间歇反应器、中间实验室规模间歇反应器和中试规模连续管式反应器实验。评估性能的目的是最大限度地减少金属材料在所有规模的杀菌效率和浸出风险方面的需求。在最佳条件或以上条件下，泡沫铜始终使各种规模的废水中超过 95% 的总大肠菌群、粪便大肠菌群和大肠杆菌失活，并且渗滤液铜浓度被确定为低于加拿大排放口的指导值。
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