Abstract Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn. (Asteraceae), is a weed with ethnomedicinal uses. To extend scientific information on this species, we evaluated the effects of different extraction procedures (maceration, Soxhlet, sonication and homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE)) using methanol as solvent, on the chemical composition and biological potential. The chemical profiles of the extracts were identified using a chromatographic (UHPLC-HRMS) technique. The antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the studied extracts were determined. The extract obtained by Soxhlet technique showed a higher level of total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) and was a superior source of antioxidant compounds. The macerated extract was the most potent inhibitor of cholinesterases and α-glucosidase, whereas the highest activity against tyrosinase was observed in the order of sonication > Soxhlet > HAE > maceration. A modest activity was observed against α-amylase for all the extracts. Multivariate analysis showed that the bioactive compounds recovery and the biological activities of S. nodiflora were mostly dependent on the nature of the extraction technique used. In conclusion, S. nodiflora extracts showed good biological potential and data massed from this study could serve as a scientific baseline for further investigation in order to exploit its potential for designing novel bio-products with therapeutic applications.

中文翻译：

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Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn 的化学成分和生物学特性：不同提取方法的比较研究

摘要 Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn。（菊科），是一种具有民族药用用途的杂草。为了扩展有关该物种的科学信息，我们评估了使用甲醇作为溶剂的不同提取程序（浸渍、索氏提取、超声处理和均质机辅助提取 (HAE)）对化学成分和生物潜力的影响。提取物的化学特征使用色谱 (UHPLC-HRMS) 技术进行鉴定。测定了所研究提取物的抗氧化和酶抑制活性。通过索氏技术获得的提取物显示出较高水平的总酚 (TPC) 和类黄酮含量 (TFC)，并且是抗氧化化合物的优良来源。浸渍提取物是胆碱酯酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶最有效的抑制剂，而对酪氨酸酶的最高活性按照超声处理 > 索氏 > HAE > 浸渍的顺序观察到。对于所有提取物，均观察到对 α-淀粉酶的适度活性。多变量分析表明，S. nodiflora 的生物活性化合物回收率和生物活性主要取决于所用提取技术的性质。总之，S. nodiflora 提取物显示出良好的生物学潜力，本研究收集的数据可作为进一步研究的科学基线，以利用其设计具有治疗应用的新型生物产品的潜力。多变量分析表明，S. nodiflora 的生物活性化合物回收率和生物活性主要取决于所用提取技术的性质。总之，S. nodiflora 提取物显示出良好的生物学潜力，本研究收集的数据可作为进一步研究的科学基线，以利用其设计具有治疗应用的新型生物产品的潜力。多变量分析表明，S. nodiflora 的生物活性化合物回收率和生物活性主要取决于所用提取技术的性质。总之，S. nodiflora 提取物显示出良好的生物学潜力，本研究收集的数据可作为进一步研究的科学基线，以利用其设计具有治疗应用的新型生物产品的潜力。