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Carotenoid accumulation in the eyespot apparatus required for phototaxis is independent of chloroplast development in Euglena gracilis
Plant Science ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110564 Shun Tamaki 1 , Yuri Tanno 2 , Shota Kato 1 , Kazunari Ozasa 3 , Mayumi Wakazaki 4 , Mayuko Sato 4 , Kiminori Toyooka 4 , Takashi Maoka 5 , Takahiro Ishikawa 6 , Mizuo Maeda 3 , Tomoko Shinomura 7
Plant Science ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110564 Shun Tamaki 1 , Yuri Tanno 2 , Shota Kato 1 , Kazunari Ozasa 3 , Mayumi Wakazaki 4 , Mayuko Sato 4 , Kiminori Toyooka 4 , Takashi Maoka 5 , Takahiro Ishikawa 6 , Mizuo Maeda 3 , Tomoko Shinomura 7
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Euglena gracilis exhibits photomovements in response to various light stimuli, such as phototactic and photophobic responses. Our recent study revealed that carotenoids in the eyespot apparatus are required for triggering phototaxis in this alga. However, the role of chloroplasts in eyespot formation is not understood. Here, we isolated carotenoid-less (cl) strains of E. gracilis from cells silenced gene expression of phytoene synthase (EgcrtB). Unlike WT, the culture colors of cl1, cl3, and the non-photosynthetic mutant SM-ZK were orange, while that of cl4 was white. Electron microscope observations showed that SM-ZK, cl1, and cl3 had no developed chloroplast and formed a normal eyespot apparatus, similar to that of WT, but this was not the case for cl4. Carotenoids detected in WT were diadinoxanthin, neoxanthin, and β-carotene. However, the most abundant species of SM-ZK, cl1, and cl3 was zeaxanthin, and there was no diadinoxanthin or neoxanthin. Photomovement analysis showed that SM-ZK, cl1, and cl3 exhibited negative phototactic and photophobic responses, similar to those of WT, whereas cl4 lacked negative phototaxis. Taken together, the formation of the eyespot apparatus required for phototaxis is independent of chloroplast development in E. gracilis, suggesting that this property is different from other photosynthetic flagellates.
中文翻译：
趋光性所需的眼点装置中的类胡萝卜素积累与眼虫的叶绿体发育无关
Euglena gracilis 表现出响应各种光刺激的光运动，例如趋光和畏光反应。我们最近的研究表明，眼点装置中的类胡萝卜素是触发这种藻类的趋光性所必需的。然而，叶绿体在眼斑形成中的作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们从沉默八氢番茄红素合酶 (EgcrtB) 基因表达的细胞中分离出缺乏类胡萝卜素 (cl) 的 E. gracilis。与 WT 不同，cl1、cl3 和非光合突变体 SM-ZK 的培养颜色为橙色，而 cl4 的培养颜色为白色。电子显微镜观察表明，SM-ZK、cl1和cl3没有发育的叶绿体并形成了与WT相似的正常眼点装置，但cl4的情况并非如此。在 WT 中检测到的类胡萝卜素是二氨基黄质、新黄质和 β-胡萝卜素。然而，SM-ZK、cl1 和cl3 中含量最丰富的物种是玉米黄质，没有二氨基黄质或新黄质。光运动分析表明，SM-ZK、cl1 和 cl3 表现出负趋光性和畏光性反应，与 WT 相似，而 cl4 缺乏负趋光性。总之，趋光性所需的眼点装置的形成与 E. gracilis 中叶绿体的发育无关，这表明这种特性与其他光合鞭毛虫不同。
更新日期：2020-09-01
中文翻译：
趋光性所需的眼点装置中的类胡萝卜素积累与眼虫的叶绿体发育无关
Euglena gracilis 表现出响应各种光刺激的光运动，例如趋光和畏光反应。我们最近的研究表明，眼点装置中的类胡萝卜素是触发这种藻类的趋光性所必需的。然而，叶绿体在眼斑形成中的作用尚不清楚。在这里，我们从沉默八氢番茄红素合酶 (EgcrtB) 基因表达的细胞中分离出缺乏类胡萝卜素 (cl) 的 E. gracilis。与 WT 不同，cl1、cl3 和非光合突变体 SM-ZK 的培养颜色为橙色，而 cl4 的培养颜色为白色。电子显微镜观察表明，SM-ZK、cl1和cl3没有发育的叶绿体并形成了与WT相似的正常眼点装置，但cl4的情况并非如此。在 WT 中检测到的类胡萝卜素是二氨基黄质、新黄质和 β-胡萝卜素。然而，SM-ZK、cl1 和cl3 中含量最丰富的物种是玉米黄质，没有二氨基黄质或新黄质。光运动分析表明，SM-ZK、cl1 和 cl3 表现出负趋光性和畏光性反应，与 WT 相似，而 cl4 缺乏负趋光性。总之，趋光性所需的眼点装置的形成与 E. gracilis 中叶绿体的发育无关，这表明这种特性与其他光合鞭毛虫不同。
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