Abstract In this paper, we report an optical system that can effectively enhance the resolution of continuous-wave (CW) stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy by applying an amplitude-modulated azimuthally polarized light with vortex phase (AV) as an excitation beam. Based on the vector field diffraction theory, we analyzed electric fields near the focal plane for various polarization states and rotationally symmetric amplitude modulation conditions. From the analysis, it was found that by applying the amplitude modulated AV beam by the ring-shaped blocking aperture, the resolution in the lateral direction can be improved while minimizing the degradation of the resolution in the axial direction. The reported novel excitation method was experimentally verified based on the imaging of gold beads and fluorescent nano-beads. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the lateral resolution was improved by ~20% and the spot elongation in the axial direction was effectively suppressed.

中文翻译：

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通过调制涡旋相位方位偏振光激发光束在连续波受激发射耗尽显微镜中提高分辨率

摘要 在本文中，我们报告了一种光学系统，通过应用具有涡旋相位 (AV) 的幅度调制方位偏振光作为激发光束，可以有效提高连续波 (CW) 受激发射耗尽 (STED) 显微镜的分辨率。基于矢量场衍射理论，我们分析了各种偏振态和旋转对称调幅条件下焦平面附近的电场。从分析中发现，通过环形阻塞孔径应用调幅AV光束，可以提高横向分辨率，同时最大限度地减少轴向分辨率的下降。报道的新型激发方法基于金珠和荧光纳米珠的成像进行了实验验证。因此，