Abstract CW Range-resolved S-lidars (the S symbol comes from Scheimpflug) have gradually evolved into a new class of laser sensors for remote environmental monitoring and a potential alternative to traditional atmospheric lidars. Based on the biaxial optical scheme, they sense the environment by continuous-wave laser emitters, implement the triangular principle of range control and use position-sensitive photodetectors. Providing range-resolved monitoring of the environment, they are grounded on low-power CW lasers and advanced technologies of nanophotonics. We examined characteristic features of this class of lidars in the range domain, analyzed the potential width and limitations of their depth of field, as well as achievable boundaries of the non-dimensional factor characterizing the range resolution quality. Based on an analysis of requirements for sensor capabilities, we combined a number of parameters and introduced dimensionless quantities to simplify the characteristics of systems with many interdependent parameters and influence factors. We proposed a way to evaluate the range-domain efficiency of S-lidars based on the introduced criterion of range resolution quality. Applied to S-lidars with infinite and finite depth of field, their actual range-domain efficiency can be quantitatively characterized by using the introduced criterion and taking into account the instrumental limitations. All of this made it possible to develop generalized algorithms for evaluating range-domain related characteristics of CW range-resolved S-lidars, which are easily adapted to specific applications, and also significantly simplify the procedure for selecting instrument parameters to satisfy tactical requirements. The disclosure and generalization of specific features of S-lidars will expand applicability of this promising class of laser remote sensing devices.

中文翻译：

---

CW 距离分辨 S 激光雷达：距离域的能力和限制

摘要 CW 距离分辨 S 型激光雷达（S 符号来自 Scheimpflug）已逐渐发展成为用于远程环境监测的新型激光传感器和传统大气激光雷达的潜在替代品。基于双轴光学方案，他们通过连续波激光发射器感知环境，实现距离控制的三角原理并使用位置敏感的光电探测器。它们提供对环境的距离分辨监测，基于低功率连续激光器和纳米光子学的先进技术。我们在距离域中检查了此类激光雷达的特征，分析了其景深的潜在宽度和局限性，以及表征距离分辨率质量的无量纲因素的可实现边界。基于对传感器能力要求的分析，我们结合了许多参数并引入了无量纲量，以简化具有许多相互依赖的参数和影响因素的系统的特性。我们提出了一种基于引入的距离分辨率质量标准来评估 S 激光雷达距离域效率的方法。应用于具有无限和有限景深的 S 激光雷达，它们的实际距离域效率可以通过使用引入的标准并考虑仪器限制来定量表征。所有这些都使得开发通用算法来评估 CW 距离分辨 S 激光雷达的距离域相关特性成为可能，这些算法很容易适应特定应用，并且还显着简化了选择仪器参数以满足战术要求的程序。S-lidars 特定特征的公开和推广将扩大这一类有前途的激光遥感设备的适用性。