Cerebellar development has a remarkably protracted morphogenetic timeline that is coordinated by multiple cell types. Here, we discuss the intriguing cellular consequences of interactions between inhibitory Purkinje cells and excitatory granule cells during embryonic and postnatal development. Purkinje cells are central to all cerebellar circuits, they are the first cerebellar cortical neurons to be born, and based on their cellular and molecular signaling, they are considered the master regulators of cerebellar development. Although rudimentary Purkinje cell circuits are already present at birth, their connectivity is morphologically and functionally distinct from their mature counterparts. The establishment of the Purkinje cell circuit with its mature firing properties has a temporal dependence on cues provided by granule cells. Granule cells are the latest born, yet most populous, neuronal type in the cerebellar cortex. They provide a combination of mechanical, molecular and activity-based cues that shape the maturation of Purkinje cell structure, connectivity and function. We propose that the wiring of Purkinje cells for function falls into two developmental phases: an initial phase that is guided by intrinsic mechanisms and a later phase that is guided by dynamically-acting cues, some of which are provided by granule cells. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms that granule cells use to help establish the unique properties of Purkinje cell firing.

小脑发育的形态发生时间线非常长，由多种细胞类型协调。在这里，我们讨论胚胎和出生后发育过程中抑制性浦肯野细胞和兴奋性颗粒细胞之间相互作用的有趣的细胞后果。浦肯野细胞是所有小脑回路的核心，它们是第一个诞生的小脑皮质神经元，并且基于它们的细胞和分子信号传导，它们被认为是小脑发育的主要调节者。尽管基本的浦肯野细胞回路在出生时就已经存在，但它们的连接在形态和功能上与成熟的对应物不同。具有成熟放电特性的浦肯野细胞回路的建立在时间上依赖于颗粒细胞提供的线索。颗粒细胞是小脑皮层中最晚诞生、数量最多的神经元类型。它们提供了机械、分子和基于活动的线索的组合，塑造浦肯野细胞结构、连接性和功能的成熟。我们认为浦肯野细胞的功能连接分为两个发育阶段：由内在机制引导的初始阶段和由动态作用线索引导的后期阶段，其中一些线索由颗粒细胞提供。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了颗粒细胞用来帮助建立浦肯野细胞放电独特特性的机制。