In the Arctic environment, the fluid temperature in the pipeline can drop below the freezing point of water, which causes wax and ice to form on the pipeline surface. Solid formation on the pipeline surface can lead to flow assurance and process safety issues, such as blockage of the pipeline, pipeline component failure, and release of hazardous liquid. Remediating the plugging requires a shutdown of pipeline operation, which incurs tremendous cost and delays the entire production system. In order to prevent blockage, the pigging operation can be used to remove the deposits on the pipeline surface on a regular interval. Ice and wax depositions in the pipeline are a slow process. However, if the deposition grows too thick, pipeline blockage can still occur after pigging operation. So, ice and wax deposition rates are required to be estimated accurately. This paper investigates ice and wax deposition rates in a 90,000 m pipeline. A fundamental model for both ice and wax deposition is proposed using the first principles of heat and mass transfer.

在北极环境中，管道中的流体温度可能降至水的冰点以下，这会在管道表面形成蜡和冰。管道表面的固体形成会导致流量保证和过程安全问题，例如管道阻塞，管道组件故障以及有害液体释放。补救堵塞需要关闭管线操作，这会招致巨大成本并拖延整个生产系统。为了防止堵塞，清管操作可用于定期清除管道表面上的沉积物。管道中的冰和蜡沉积是一个缓慢的过程。但是，如果沉积物过厚，清管操作后仍可能发生管道堵塞。所以，需要精确估计冰和蜡的沉积速率。本文研究了90,000 m管道中的冰和蜡沉积速率。利用传热和传质的第一原理，提出了冰和蜡沉积的基本模型。