Background

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises that patients with moderate to severe asthma belong to a high-risk group that is susceptible to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the association between asthma and COVID-19 has not been well-established.

Objective

The primary objective was to determine the prevalence of asthma among patients with COVID-19 in a major US health system. We assessed the clinical characteristics and comorbidities in asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients with COVID-19. We also determined the risk of hospitalization associated with asthma and/or inhaled corticosteroid use.

Methods

Medical records of patients with COVID-19 were searched by a computer algorithm (March 1 to April 15, 2020), and chart review was used to validate the diagnosis of asthma and medications prescribed for asthma. All patients had PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Demographic and clinical features were characterized. Regression models were used to assess the associations between asthma and corticosteroid use and the risk of COVID-19–related hospitalization.

Results

Of 1526 patients identified with COVID-19, 220 (14%) were classified as having asthma. Asthma was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (relative risk, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.77-1.19) after adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities. The ongoing use of inhaled corticosteroids did not increase the risk of hospitalization in a similar adjusted model (relative risk, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.90-2.15).

Conclusions

Despite a substantial prevalence of asthma in our COVID-19 cohort, asthma was not associated with an increased risk of hospitalization. Similarly, the use of inhaled corticosteroids with or without systemic corticosteroids was not associated with COVID-19–related hospitalization.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 住院和非住院患者哮喘的患病率和特征。

背景

美国疾病控制与预防中心建议，中度至重度哮喘患者属于易感染严重冠状病毒病 2019 (COVID-19) 的高危人群。然而，哮喘与 COVID-19 之间的关联尚未确定。

客观的

主要目的是确定美国主要卫生系统中 COVID-19 患者的哮喘患病率。我们评估了患有 COVID-19 的哮喘和非哮喘患者的临床特征和合并症。我们还确定了与哮喘和/或吸入皮质类固醇使用相关的住院风险。

方法

通过计算机算法搜索 COVID-19 患者的医疗记录（2020 年 3 月 1 日至 4 月 15 日），并使用图表审查来验证哮喘的诊断和哮喘处方药。所有患者都有 PCR 确认的 COVID-19。对人口统计学和临床​​特征进行了表征。回归模型用于评估哮喘和皮质类固醇使用与 COVID-19 相关住院风险之间的关联。

结果

在 1526 名确诊为 COVID-19 的患者中，220 名 (14%) 被归类为患有哮喘。调整年龄、性别和合并症后，哮喘与住院风险增加无关（相对风险 0.96；95% CI 0.77-1.19）。在类似的调整模型中，持续使用吸入皮质类固醇不会增加住院风险（相对风险，1.39；95% CI，0.90-2.15）。

结论

尽管我们的 COVID-19 队列中哮喘患病率很高，但哮喘与住院风险增加无关。同样，使用吸入性皮质类固醇联合或不联合全身性皮质类固醇与 COVID-19 相关住院治疗无关。