Abstract Calcium Looping (CaL) for CO2 capture and utilisation is affected by the presence of SO2 and/or H2O in the flue gases that are processed in the carbonator. The influence regards both the course of carbonation as well as the mechanisms and extent of attrition and fragmentation phenomena to which sorbent particles are exposed in Dual Interconnected Fluidised Beds (DIFB) that are commonly used for this process. Fragmentation by impact has been comparatively less investigated with reference to operating conditions entailing the presence of SO2 and/or H2O. In this study, two high-calcium commercial limestones, similar in chemical composition but different in reactivity, have been subjected to CaL tests in a lab-scale DIFB apparatus in presence of sulphur dioxide and/or steam. Calcination was carried out at 940 °C in an atmosphere containing 70% CO2. Carbonation was carried out at 650 °C in an atmosphere containing 15% CO2. The effect of SO2 and/or H2O was assessed with reference to six carbonation atmospheres, with different concentrations of steam (0 and 10%v) and sulphur dioxide (0, 75 and 1500 ppmv). After ten CaL cycles, the particles were tested ex-situ in an impact test rig, consisting of a duct where samples were entrained in a gas stream at a controlled velocity and impacted against a target. The apparatus was operated at room temperature at various impact velocities (six values from 10 to 45 m/s). The extent and pattern of impact fragmentation was assessed by characterising the particle size distribution of the debris and the fractional mass of generated fragments. Results are discussed in the light of the different sorbent nature and of the CaL FB operating conditions.

中文翻译：

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用于钙循环的石灰石基吸附剂的冲击破碎：蒸汽和二氧化硫的影响

摘要 用于 CO2 捕获和利用的钙循环 (CaL) 受到碳酸化器中处理的烟气中 SO2 和/或 H2O 的影响。该影响涉及碳化过程以及吸附剂颗粒在该过程常用的双互连流化床 (DIFB) 中所暴露的磨损和破碎现象的机制和程度。参考需要存在 SO2 和/或 H2O 的操作条件，对撞击造成的碎裂的研究相对较少。在这项研究中，两种化学成分相似但反应性不同的高钙商业石灰石在实验室规模的 DIFB 设备中在二氧化硫和/或蒸汽存在下进行了 CaL 测试。煅烧在 940 °C 下在含有 70% CO2 的气氛中进行。在含有 15% CO2 的气氛中，在 650 °C 下进行碳酸化。SO2 和/或 H2O 的影响是参考六种碳酸化气氛，使用不同浓度的蒸汽（0 和 10%v）和二氧化硫（0、75 和 1500 ppmv）评估的。经过 10 次 CaL 循环后，在冲击试验台中对颗粒进行了原位测试，该试验台由一个管道组成，其中样品以受控速度夹带在气流中并撞击目标。该装置在室温下以各种冲击速度（从 10 到 45 m/s 的六个值）运行。通过表征碎片的粒度分布和产生的碎片的质量分数来评估撞击破碎的程度和模式。