Abstract Urban green spaces provide cultural ecosystem services, and urban policies typically aim to enhance these services by targeting new investments in deprived areas. The implementation of urban greening policies is one way to reduce inequalities in well-being, for example by targeting areas where increased access to green spaces will benefit citizens of low socioeconomic status. Most research has addressed the targeting of green infrastructure development by considering income and access to green spaces, while few studies have considered a multidimensional definition of well-being. The aims of this paper are to i) integrate inputs from the economic and political philosophy literature to propose a broader definition of well-being, including health, education, insecurity, and social relations; ii) develop a criterion to prioritise areas where urban greening would have the greatest impact on well-being inequalities; and iii) apply this criterion to the Paris metropolitan area (Ile-de-France region), a spatially heterogeneous region where areas deprived of access to green spaces are not systematically deprived in other dimensions. Our analysis shows that the city of Paris and the inner suburbs would be targeted when considering inequality in access to green spaces only. The results differ when inequalities in income or multidimensional well-being are taken into account, in which case the northern inner suburbs and some outer suburbs become a higher priority.

中文翻译：

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环境正义规划——通过城市绿化减少福祉不平等

摘要 城市绿地提供文化生态系统服务，而城市政策通常旨在通过针对贫困地区的新投资来增强这些服务。城市绿化政策的实施是减少福祉不平等的一种方式，例如，将目标对准那些增加绿地机会将使社会经济地位较低的公民受益的地区。大多数研究通过考虑收入和获得绿色空间来解决绿色基础设施发展的目标，而很少有研究考虑福祉的多维定义。本文的目的是： i) 整合经济和政治哲学文献的输入，提出一个更广泛的幸福定义，包括健康、教育、不安全感和社会关系；ii) 制定一个标准，优先考虑城市绿化对福祉不平等影响最大的地区；iii) 将此标准应用于巴黎大都市区（法兰西岛地区），这是一个空间异质性的地区，在该地区，被剥夺了进入绿色空间的区域在其他方面没有被系统地剥夺。我们的分析表明，仅在考虑获得绿色空间方面的不平等时，巴黎市和内郊区将成为目标。当考虑收入不平等或多维幸福感时，结果会有所不同，在这种情况下，北部内郊区和一些外郊区成为优先考虑的对象。一个空间异质的区域，在该区域中，被剥夺进入绿色空间的区域在其他方面并未被系统地剥夺。我们的分析表明，仅在考虑获得绿色空间方面的不平等时，巴黎市和内郊区将成为目标。当考虑收入不平等或多维幸福感时，结果会有所不同，在这种情况下，北部内郊区和一些外郊区成为优先考虑的对象。一个空间异质的区域，在该区域中，被剥夺进入绿色空间的区域在其他方面并未被系统地剥夺。我们的分析表明，仅在考虑获得绿色空间方面的不平等时，巴黎市和内郊区将成为目标。当考虑收入不平等或多维幸福感时，结果会有所不同，在这种情况下，北部内郊区和一些外郊区成为优先考虑的对象。