Since the introduction of ionic liquids (IL) in 1914, there has been a growing interest in this class of materials, because of their unique properties. Ionic liquids are organic salts, melting below 100 °C, and are generally non-volatile and nonflammable. By combination of different anions and cations, a large number of ionic liquids can be synthesized. The extraordinary characteristics of ILs and the possibility of synthesizing large number of ILs make them as an appropriate medium for various chemical processes and applications. In this review, first, we give a brief overview on IL important physical properties, and then we look into different IL applications, considering recent studies and findings and the future prospects of using IL in each application. This review gives a reader a complete knowledge about various ILs application all together. In addition, it reveals the areas of application which will grow in future and can gain industrial importance. ILs applications in separation processes, lignocelluloses pretreatment, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), biocatalytic reactions, lubrication and electrochemistry are discussed.

自1914年引入离子液体（IL）以来，由于其独特的性能，人们对此类材料越来越感兴趣。离子液体是有机盐，熔点低于100°C，通常不挥发且不易燃。通过组合不同的阴离子和阳离子，可以合成大量的离子液体。IL的非凡特性和合成大量IL的可能性使它们成为各种化学过程和应用的合适介质。在这篇综述中，我们首先简要介绍IL的重要物理特性，然后考虑最近的研究和发现以及每种应用中使用IL的未来前景，研究不同的IL应用。这篇评论为读者提供了有关各种IL应用的完整知识。此外，它揭示了未来将增长并可能具有工业重要性的应用领域。讨论了离子液体在分离过程，木质纤维素预处理，提高采收率（EOR），生物催化反应，润滑和电化学方面的应用。