Photosynthetic cyanobacteria are capable of utilizing sunlight and CO₂ as sole energy and carbon sources, respectively. With genetically modified cyanobacteria being used as a promising chassis to produce various biofuels and chemicals in recent years, future large-scale cultivation of cyanobacteria would have to be performed in seawater, since freshwater supplies of the earth are very limiting. However, high concentration of salt is known to inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria. This review aims at comparing the mechanisms that different cyanobacteria respond to salt stress, and then summarizing various strategies of developing salt-tolerant cyanobacteria for seawater cultivation, including the utilization of halotolerant cyanobacteria and the engineering of salt-tolerant freshwater cyanobacteria. In addition, the challenges and potential strategies related to further improving salt tolerance in cyanobacteria are also discussed.

光合蓝细菌能够利用阳光和CO ₂作为唯一的能源和碳源。近年来，随着转基因蓝细菌被用作生产各种生物燃料和化学物质的有前途的底盘，由于地球的淡水供应非常有限，未来必须在海水中进行蓝细菌的大规模养殖。但是，已知高浓度的盐会抑制蓝细菌的生长。这篇综述旨在比较不同蓝细菌对盐胁迫的响应机制，然后总结了开发用于海水养殖的耐盐蓝细菌的各种策略，包括利用耐盐藻蓝细菌和耐盐淡水蓝细菌的工程化。此外，