Semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) have received much attention due to their high quantum yield (QY), tunable emission spectrum, and excellent photostability. These unique optical properties endow SQDs with excellent biomedical application prospects, including biomedical imaging, drug delivery, clinical diagnosis, photodynamic therapy, DNA hybridization, and RNA profiling. This review introduces the classification of QDs and provides a brief description of the characteristics of QDs under each classification. Taking the type II B-VI A QDs as an example, inorganic and organic modification methods, and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages are summarized and discussed. Controlled modification approaches make them exhibit different functions in the bioimaging and drug delivery fields. The typical or classic instances are also listed to present the highlights of the applications of SQDs in the biomedical field. Based on these, this review raises a variety of possible challenges and perspectives of SQDs in biomedical applications in the future.

半导体量子点（SQD）由于其高量子产率（QY），可调发射光谱和出色的光稳定性而受到了广泛关注。这些独特的光学特性使SQD具有出色的生物医学应用前景，包括生物医学成像，药物输送，临床诊断，光动力疗法，DNA杂交和RNA分析。这篇综述介绍了量子点的分类，并简要介绍了每种分类下量子点的特征。以II型B-VI A QDs为例，对无机和有机改性方法以及相应的优缺点进行了总结和讨论。受控修饰方法使它们在生物成像和药物输送领域表现出不同的功能。还列出了典型或经典实例，以介绍SQD在生物医学领域中的应用亮点。在此基础上，本综述提出了未来生物医学应用中SQD的各种可能挑战和观点。