Bacterial blight (BB, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum , Xcm) is a worldwide disease of cotton ( Gossypium spp.). The disease has been effectively controlled through the use of BB resistant cultivars and planting of acid-delinted seed. However, a resurgence of BB has been noted in the US in recent years due to the spread of Xcm race 18 and growing of susceptible transgenic cultivars, which calls for a renewed effort to develop new BB resistant cultivars. However, there has been a paucity of information in genetics and breeding for BB resistance since the 1990s due to the lack of research efforts. This review was prepared to fill this void with an objective to provide detailed results from past qualitative and quantitative genetic studies on BB resistance, including genetic designs and specific germplasm used for conducting research. More than 20 major resistance B genes ( B 1 to B 8 , B 9K , B 9L , B 10K , B 10L , B 11 , B 12 , B In , B n , B s , and more than 4 unnamed genes), with at least two polygene complexes ( B Sm and B Dm ), have been identified. One B gene may be resistant to a single or multiple Xcm races, and pyramiding of several B genes can enhance resistance to a single or multiple Xcm races. Allelic relationships among some of the genes are currently unknown. Quantitative genetics has been employed to estimate heritability, gene effects, additive and dominance variances, and effective number of genes for BB resistance. The studies suggest that the additive effect and additive variance play a predominant role in BB resistance, while the dominant effect and variance play a reduced role in resistance. Heritability estimates are moderate to high depending on environmental errors, and 1–2 effective numbers of genes have been estimated, consistent with Mendelian genetic studies. Studies in molecular mapping of several BB resistance genes ( B 2 , B 3 , b 6 , and B 12 ) have been conducted with the focus on B 12 as it is resistant to races 1 through 19. Portable DNA markers have been developed and used in marker-assisted selection for BB resistance. Finally, areas where there is a lack of information and controversies are identified and assessed. This review provides an updated comprehensive account of the genetic basis for BB resistance in cotton.

中文翻译：

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棉花抗细菌性枯萎病：遗传基础和分子图谱

细菌性枯萎病（BB，由 Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum 引起，Xcm）是棉花（Gossypium spp.）的一种世界性病害。通过使用抗BB品种和种植酸脱粒种子，该病害得到了有效控制。然而，由于Xcm种族18的传播和易感转基因品种的生长，近年来在美国已经注意到BB的回潮，这需要重新努力开发新的BB抗性品种。然而，由于缺乏研究工作，自 1990 年代以来，关于 BB 抗性的遗传学和育种信息很少。本综述旨在填补这一空白，目的是提供过去关于 BB 抗性的定性和定量遗传研究的详细结果，包括遗传设计和用于进行研究的特定种质。20多个主要抗性B基因（B 1 到B 8 、B 9K 、B 9L 、B 10K 、B 10L 、B 11 、B 12 、B In 、B n 、B s 和4个以上未命名基因），至少有两个多基因复合体（B Sm 和 B Dm ）已被鉴定。一个 B 基因可能对单个或多个 Xcm 小种具有抗性，几个 B 基因的金字塔化可以增强对单个或多个 Xcm 小种的抗性。一些基因之间的等位基因关系目前未知。定量遗传学已被用于估计遗传力、基因效应、加性和显性方差以及 BB 抗性基因的有效数量。研究表明，加性效应和加性方差在 BB 抗性中起主导作用，而显性效应和方差在抗性中的作用减弱。根据环境误差，遗传力估计为中到高，并且估计了 1-2 个有效基因数，与孟德尔遗传研究一致。对几种 BB 抗性基因（B 2 、B 3 、b 6 和 B 12 ）的分子作图研究已经进行，重点是 B 12，因为它对种族 1 到 19 具有抗性。便携式 DNA 标记已被开发和使用在 BB 抗性的标记辅助选择中。最后，确定和评估缺乏信息和争议的领域。本综述提供了对棉花 BB 抗性遗传基础的最新综合说明。和 B 12 ) 的重点是 B 12，因为它对小种 1 到 19 具有抗性。便携式 DNA 标记已被开发并用于 BB 抗性的标记辅助选择。最后，确定和评估缺乏信息和争议的领域。本综述提供了对棉花 BB 抗性遗传基础的最新综合说明。和 B 12 ) 的重点是 B 12，因为它对小种 1 到 19 具有抗性。便携式 DNA 标记已被开发并用于 BB 抗性的标记辅助选择。最后，确定和评估缺乏信息和争议的领域。本综述提供了对棉花 BB 抗性遗传基础的最新综合说明。